BUILDING SERVICES – IV

6 “S”
Prof. Vishwas H
Asst. Prof. Aishwarya

Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT

OUSTIC

SOUNDING
VASES

Maximize sound performance

Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT

 Sound is transmitted through gases, plasma, and liquids as longitudinal waves,
also called compression waves. It requires a medium to propagate. Through
SOUND solids, however, it can be transmitted as both longitudinal waves and transverse
waves
Produced due to the
displacements of Air
Particles

THROUGH
SOUND WAVES ARE :

• LONGITUDINAL transmitted 
• MECHANICAL

Mechanical waves are waves that require a

medium in order to transport their energy from one
location to another. Because mechanical
waves rely on particle interaction in order to
transport their energy.

Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT

SOUND SPEED OF SOUND DIFFERS IN DIFFERENT MEDIUMS

= Molecular Density

Sound
travels
3 2 1
Faster
VACCUM

Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT

SPEED OF SOUND

Speed Of Sound in Various Mediums:

• BRICK – ____________
• WOOD – ____________
• STONE – ____________
• STEEL – ____________

STUDENTS TO FIND OUT .

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SOURCE RECEIVER

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DECIBLES

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Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOUND

Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT

WAV E L E N G T H λ the distance between successive crests of a wave

WAVELENGHT = Speed of Sound

--------------------------
Frequency of Sound

Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT

PERIOD the time taken for a complete oscillation

Period (T)

Wavelength (λ)

Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT

FREQUENCY(Hz) & PITCH The number of displacements a particle goes through in a second

One cycle

String under goes

261 Oscillations per Sec = frequency:
261 Hz

20 Hz 20,000 Hz

Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT

AMPLITUDE & VOLUME

Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT

WAV E F R O N T

Is created when a sound is produced by a source

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R E L AT I O N S H I P B E T W E E N WAV E L E N G T H , S P E E D
OF SOUND AND FREQUENCY

Speed of Sound = Wavelength x frequency

Wavelength = Speed of Sound / Frequency of Sound

Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT

 Hits a plane
REFLECTED SOUND

Hits a plane

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DIFRACTED SOUND
BENT SOUND – Bending of Sound waves around small obstacles

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S C AT T E R E D S O U N D
Diffused or Dispersed Sound incident on one point & then gets scattered

Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT

TRANSMITTED SOUND

Sound getting transmitted from one space to another

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 A M P L I F I C AT I O N

the process of increasing the volume of sound

Cooler Air, Sound will not

travel in Normal Speed
Mike Systems

Greater Water Vapour

Hence, Sound Amplification is required

Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT
D I S S I PAT E D S O U N D

The Sound that is lost within the structure

False floor

Double Glazing False Ceiling

Hollow Blocks

Cavity Wall False Wall Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT

SOUND PRESSURE
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE: the pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere

The fluctuation of the atmospheric pressure caused by the

vibration of air particles due to sound wave is called
SOUND PRESSURE

(Measured in dyne per cm sq)

Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT

T H R E S H O L D O F H E A R I N G A N D PA I N

Quietest Sound =
pressure of 0.0003
dyne per cm sq
Painful Sound = pressure of
0-20 dB 300 dyne per cm sq

Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT 120-140 dB

TA S K :

• MASKING

• LOUDNESS AND
CHARACTERISTICS

• SOUND INTENSITY

• I N T E N S I T I E S O F VA R I O U S
SOUND SOURCES:
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THANK YOU !

Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT

 L2

Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT

Answers
• MASKING- The process by which the
threshold of audibility of one sound is
reduced by the pressure of the other is called
masking eg. Noise of construction obstructing
a conversation.
• LOUDNESS - it is the intensive attribute of an
auditory sensation in terms of which the
sound we hear is measured.
• SOUND INTENSITY - Sound intensity, also
known as acoustic intensity, is defined as the
power carried by sound waves per unit area
in a direction perpendicular to that area. The
SI unit of intensity, is the watt per square
meter (W/m2).

Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT

S O U N D A N D D I S TA N C E

Inverse square Law

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Behavior of Sound in Enclosed Spaces
• Reflection: In case of enclosed space, the
sound waves hit the enclosure continuously
until the sound energy reduces to zero. The
amount of waves reflected depends on
smoothness, softness and size of material.
Angle of incidence is always equal to angle of
reflection for a flat surface and differs for a
curved surface.
• Absorption : When sound waves hit the
surface, some gets reflected while some of it
is lost through its transfer to the molecules of
the barrier. The thickness and nature of the
material WRT to its softness and hardness
influences the amt of sound energy absorbed.

Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT

• Diffusion : This is the scaterring
of waves from a surface which
occurs as a result of the texture
and hardness of the surface.
• Transmission : Sound wave is
carried by molecules of the
obstacles through vibration and
re-emitted at the other side
irrespective of the medium. It can
be structure borne or air borne.

Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT

Behavior of sound in Enclosed Spaces
• Diffraction : When the wavelength of the wave is
smaller or equal to the size of the obstacle , the
sound rays tend to bend around the edge of the
obstacle , thereby turning the edge to a sound
source.

Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT

REVERBERATION AND REVERBERATION TIME

• When a steady sound is • This prolongation of sound as a

generated in a room , the sound result of successive reflections in
pressure will gradually build up an enclosed space after the
and it will take some time till it source of sound is turned off is
reaches its steady state value. called reverberation.
• In most cases it is 1 second. • The time taken for the sound
• When the source of sound has pressure level in a room to
stopped, a noticeable lapse in decrease to 60 db after the
time is observed, before it dies source is stopped is called
down (decay) to inaudibility. reverberation time .

Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT

SABINE’S FORMULA TO CALCULATE REVERBERATION TIME

Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT

ACOUSTICAL DEFECTS IN AN AUDITORIUM

• Due to various properties and • These defects are ,

behavior of sound, the defects • Echo
are caused depending on the
• Long Delayed reflection
• Shape
• Sound shadow
• Volume
• Sound Foci
• Use of materials etc.
• Flutter Echo
In an enclosed space.

Aishwarya Yoganand | ACOUSTICS | RIT