A branch of Engineering and Physics that studies

mechanical waves in physical matter such as solid,

liquid and gas.

A study of sound, it focuses on the behavior of

wave forms that manifests as “Vibrations”
Speech Hearing

human ear’s response to pressure fluctuations in the air

caused by vibrating objects.

Sound travels in space by a phenomenon called wave

motion
Lindsay’s Wheel of Acoustics

Acoustics is defined as the science that

deals with the production, control,
transmission, reception, and effects of
sound.

Lindsay’s Wheel of Acoustics describes the

scope of acoustics starting from the four
broad fields of Engineering, Earth Sciences,
Life Sciences, and the Arts.
Relevant fields on the study of Acoustics

1. Acoustician –the field of production, control,

transmission, reception, and effects of sound

2. Acoustical Engineer - is the branch

of engineering dealing with sound and vibration. It
includes the application of acoustics, the science of
sound and vibration, in technology.
Frequency

• Sound typically travels at a consistent speed, which we

commonly refer to as the speed of sound.

• Pitch – is the frequency of sound wave perceived by the

human ear

We measure frequency in cycles per second (c/s), also known as

Hertz (Hz), named after Heinrich Hertz, an Austrian physicist
from the 19th century.

Yet though sound moves at a set speed, the number of waves

within that movement can differ
Frequency

Physical Quantities of Sound - Eight frequency

bands, or octaves, are considered in room
acoustics with the following center frequencies:
63 Hz, 125 Hz, 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, 4 kHz
and 8 kHz.

It can also be comparable vocal types and ranges

Ex:

• Soprano
• Bass
• Tenor
Frequency

Physical Quantities of Sound - Eight frequency

bands, or octaves, are considered in room Human Speech (130hz-5khz)
acoustics with the following center frequencies:
63 Hz, 125 Hz, 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, 4 kHz
and 8 kHz. Music (63hz-8khz)

It can also be comparable vocal types and ranges

Ex: Human hearing Range (20hz – 20khz)

• Soprano
• Bass
• Tenor
 λ
Frequency

Speed – The speed of sound in air has been

measured as 344 m/sec (1,130 ft/sec). This
corresponds to 1,240 km/hr (770 mi/hr) which is
extremely small as compared to the speed of light
f
(300,000 km/sec).

Wavelength (λ) – The wavelength and the

frequency of sound are related to each other

c=fλ
c = speed in meters per time
f = frequency in cycles per time
λ (Lambda)= meters
Sound Pressure

Sound pressure, measured in decibels (dB), can be

puzzling. It's a term commonly found on speaker
or generator packaging.

Decibels can be tricky because they depend on

what you're measuring. For example, the decibels
of a plane landing and a loud concert might be
equal, but they represent different things.
Reverberation

Three parts:
1. Direct Sound
2. Early Reflections
3. Later Reflections.

Reverberation Time (Decay Time)

the time required for the sound in a room to
decay to 60 Db (also known as RT60). This
represents a change in sound intensity or sound
pressure level of 1,000 (20 log) = 60 Db.
Reverberation - persistence of sound after the
original sound source has stopped, caused by
reflections of sound waves from surfaces in a
closed space.

Reverberation can be also applied to sound

Production as effects on various instruments or
Even mimic studio and theatrical spaces
Sound absorption removes energy from
sound waves, weakening them and
reducing their travel distance.

In spaces with excessive reverberation,

absorbing sound power helps control
bouncing waves.

High-pitched sounds benefit from energy

absorption to reduce their frequency, while
loud sounds are subdued by reducing
their energy.
Sound absorption removes energy from
sound waves, weakening them and
reducing their travel distance.

In spaces with excessive reverberation,

absorbing sound power helps control
bouncing waves.

High-pitched sounds benefit from energy

absorption to reduce their frequency, while
loud sounds are subdued by reducing
their energy.
Sound absorption removes energy from
sound waves, weakening them and
reducing their travel distance.

In spaces with excessive reverberation,

absorbing sound power helps control
bouncing waves.

High-pitched sounds benefit from energy

absorption to reduce their frequency, while
loud sounds are subdued by reducing
their energy.
Sound absorption removes energy from
sound waves, weakening them and
reducing their travel distance.

In spaces with excessive reverberation,

absorbing sound power helps control
bouncing waves.

High-pitched sounds benefit from energy

absorption to reduce their frequency, while
loud sounds are subdued by reducing
their energy.
Sound is created by objects vibrating, which
means they move back and forth in a regular
pattern. This movement is called vibration or
oscillation.

In musical instruments, oscillations occur

through both mechanical and electrical

When something vibrates, it makes nearby

particles vibrate too. The particle touching the
vibrating object moves from its starting
position. This movement affects the
neighboring particles, passing the disturbance
along.
Medium

• The matter or substance through which

sound is transmitted is called a medium.
• A medium is necessary for the propagation
of sound waves.
• The medium can be solid, liquid or gas.
• Sound cannot travel in vacuum.

Wave that requires medium to propagate is

called Mechanical wave.
Longitudinal waves:

These are the waves in which the particles of the medium

vibrate along the direction of propagation of the wave. For
example: sound wave.

Transverse waves:

In this type of wave the particles of the medium vibrate in a

direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation of
the wave. For example: waves produced in a stretched
string.

Compression and Rarefaction

Compression is when particles in a wave are close together,

creating a region of high pressure and density. This part of
the wave is shown as the upper portion of the curve, called
the crest.

Rarefaction is when particles in a wave spread out, creating

a region of low pressure and density. This part of the wave is
shown as the lower portion of the curve, called the trough.
Characteristics of a Sound Wave

• Amplitude
• Wavelength
• Frequency
• Time period
• Velocity

Amplitude
The maximum displacement of each particle from its mean
position is called amplitude.
It is denoted by A.
Its SI unit is metre (m).

Wavelength
The distance between two nearest (adjacent) crests or
troughs of a wave is called its wavelength.
It is denoted by the Greek letter lamda (λ).
Its SI unit is metre.

Frequency
The number of vibrations per second is called frequency.
The SI unit of frequency is hertz (Hz).
The symbol of frequency is ν (nu).
Characteristics of a Sound Wave

Time period
The time taken to complete one vibration is called time
period.
It is denoted by T.
Its SI unit is second (s).
The frequency of a wave is the reciprocal of the time period.
i.e., v = 1/T

Velocity
The distance travelled by a wave in one second is called
velocity of the wave or speed of the wave.
Its S.I. unit is metres per second (m/s).
Velocity = Distance travelled/Time taken
⟹ v = λ/T , where λ = wavelength of the wave travelled
in one time time period T)
⟹ v = λv (As 1/T = v)

Thus, Velocity = Wavelength × Frequency

v = λv is called the wave equation.
Characteristics of a Sound Wave

Pitch:
It represents shrillness or flatness of sound.
It depends on the frequency of vibration. Higher the
frequency of sound wave, the higher will be the pitch of
sound and vice-versa.

Loudness:
It is a measure of the sound energy reaching the ear per
second.
It depends on the amplitude of the sound wave.
It is measured in decibel ‘dB’.

Music:
It is the sound that is pleasant to hear. For example: Sound
coming out of musical instruments)

Noise: It is the sound that is unpleasant to hear. For

example: Sound produced by vehicles.
Characteristics of a Sound Wave

Pitch:
It represents shrillness or flatness of sound.
It depends on the frequency of vibration. Higher the
frequency of sound wave, the higher will be the pitch of
sound and vice-versa.

Loudness:
It is a measure of the sound energy reaching the ear per
second.
It depends on the amplitude of the sound wave.
It is measured in decibel ‘dB’.

Music:
It is the sound that is pleasant to hear. For example: Sound
coming out of musical instruments)

Noise: It is the sound that is unpleasant to hear. For

example: Sound produced by vehicles.
1. _________removes energy from sound waves, weakening them and reducing their travel distance.

a. sound decay
b. sound dispertion
c. sound absorption
d. sound refraction
2. It is a form of survival instincts, We perceive and transmit ______________

a. Sound and Music

b. Speech and Hearing
c. Vibrations and Hearing
d. None of the above
3. A study of sound, it focuses on the behavior of wave forms that manifests as_________

a. Vibration
b. frequency
c. Acoustics
d. Soundwaves
4. ___________is the branch of engineering dealing with sound and vibration. It includes the application
of acoustics, the science of sound and vibration, in technology.

a. Acoustician
b. Acoustics architect
c. Sound Engineer
d. Acoustics Engineer
5. _________ describes the scope of acoustics

a. Kinsley's Wheel of acoustics

b. Chelsea's Wheel of acoustics
c. Lindsley's Wheel of acoustics
d. Lindsay's Wheel of acoustic
6. What is the human hearing range?

a. 63hz - 83hz
b. 120 khz - 300 khz
c. 20hz - 20khz
d. none of the above
7. ________ measured in decibels (db)

a. sound magnetism
b. sound transmission
c. sound magnification
d. sound pressure
8. The persistence of sound after the original sound source has stopped, caused by reflections of sound
waves from surfaces in a closed space.

a. Reverbization
b. Reverb trigger
c. Reverberation
d. Reversification
9. Sound typically travels at a consistent speed, which we commonly refer to as the speed of sound.

a. frequency
b. latency
c. reverberation
d. Sonic Transmission
10. What is the speed of sound in air?

a. 344m / sec
b. 300km / sec
c. 255 hz
d. 57 db
1. _________removes energy from sound waves, weakening them and reducing their travel distance.

a. sound decay
b. sound dispertion
c. sound absorption
d. sound refraction
1. _________removes energy from sound waves, weakening them and reducing their travel distance.

a. sound decay
b. sound dispertion
c. sound absorption
d. sound refraction
2. It is a form of survival instincts, We perceive and transmit ______________

a. Sound and Music

b. Speech and Hearing
c. Vibrations and Hearing
d. None of the above
2. It is a form of survival instincts, We perceive and transmit ______________

a. Sound and Music

b. Speech and Hearing
c. Vibrations and Hearing
d. None of the above
3. A study of sound, it focuses on the behavior of wave forms that manifests as_________

a. Vibration
b. frequency
c. Acoustics
d. Soundwaves
3. A study of sound, it focuses on the behavior of wave forms that manifests as_________

a. Vibration
b. frequency
c. Acoustics
d. Soundwaves
4. ___________is the branch of engineering dealing with sound and vibration. It includes the application
of acoustics, the science of sound and vibration, in technology.

a. Acoustician
b. Acoustics architect
c. Sound Engineer
d. Acoustics Engineer
4. ___________is the branch of engineering dealing with sound and vibration. It includes the application
of acoustics, the science of sound and vibration, in technology.

a. Acoustician
b. Acoustics architect
c. Sound Engineer
d. Acoustics Engineer
5. _________ describes the scope of acoustics

a. Kinsley's Wheel of acoustics

b. Chelsea's Wheel of acoustics
c. Lindsley's Wheel of acoustics
d. Lindsay's Wheel of acoustics
5. _________ describes the scope of acoustics

a. Kinsley's Wheel of acoustics

b. Chelsea's Wheel of acoustics
c. Lindsley's Wheel of acoustics
d. Lindsay's Wheel of acoustics
6. What is the human hearing range?

a. 63hz - 83hz
b. 120 khz - 300 khz
c. 20hz - 20khz
d. none of the above
6. What is the human hearing range?

a. 63hz - 83hz
b. 120 khz - 300 khz
c. 20hz - 20khz
d. none of the above
7. ________ measured in decibels (db)

a. sound magnetism
b. sound transmission
c. sound magnification
d. sound pressure
7. ________ measured in decibels (db)

a. sound magnetism
b. sound transmission
c. sound magnification
d. sound pressure
8. The persistence of sound after the original sound source has stopped, caused by reflections of sound
waves from surfaces in a closed space.

a. Reverbization
b. Reverb trigger
c. Reverberation
d. Reversification
8. The persistence of sound after the original sound source has stopped, caused by reflections of sound
waves from surfaces in a closed space.

a. Reverbization
b. Reverb trigger
c. Reverberation
d. Reversification
9. Sound typically travels at a consistent speed, which we commonly refer to as the speed of sound.

a. frequency
b. latency
c. reverberation
d. Sonic Transmission
9. Sound typically travels at a consistent speed, which we commonly refer to as the speed of sound.

a. frequency
b. latency
c. reverberation
d. Sonic Transmission
10. What is the speed of sound in air?

a. 344m / sec
b. 300km / sec
c. 255 hz
d. 57 db
10. What is the speed of sound in air?

a. 344m / sec
b. 300km / sec
c. 255 hz
d. 57 db