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On GMSK

1) Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) is a form of continuous-phase frequency-shift keying that is used in 2G cellular systems like GSM. 2) GMSK uses a Gaussian filter to shape the modulation in order to minimize the bandwidth needed while maintaining orthogonality between symbols. This improves spectral efficiency. 3) The modulation index of GMSK is maintained at exactly 0.5 using an IQ modulator, which makes it easier to implement and provides the required performance without needing adjustments.

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109 views22 pages

On GMSK

1) Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) is a form of continuous-phase frequency-shift keying that is used in 2G cellular systems like GSM. 2) GMSK uses a Gaussian filter to shape the modulation in order to minimize the bandwidth needed while maintaining orthogonality between symbols. This improves spectral efficiency. 3) The modulation index of GMSK is maintained at exactly 0.5 using an IQ modulator, which makes it easier to implement and provides the required performance without needing adjustments.

Uploaded by

mkr
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RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DAKAMARRI , BHIMILI MANDAL , VISAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT.


(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and affiliated to JNTU, Kakinada)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION


ENGINEERING

BATCH

8
GUIDED BY: T YASWANTH
Mr. P Rajesh 18981A04I1
Assistant Professor, T MOHAN KRISHNA
Dept of ECE 18981A04I2
CASE STUDY QUESTION

Study
Gaussian minimum shift keying
in detail
HOW DID

Gsm
HAVE A LARGER BATTERY LIFE????
GMS
GAUSSIAN MINIMUM SHIFT KEYING
MSK
gMS
LET US START WITH

MINIMUM SHIFT KEYING


A PROBLEM
• When an input Transists from 0 to 1, a phase shift happens. The old non
conventional methods faced Non Linearity.

• Trying to Reduce the Phase Shifting


• In Phase Shift Keying, SideBands extend out from the carrier signal and
may cause disturbances / redundancy in the band.
• MSK and its successor GMSK have been very useful in this aspect , as
they eliminated this extending out signals to a large extent.
MSK
• Form of Modulation based on Frequency Shift Keying.
• No phase discontinuities
• Providing efficient use of spectrum along with enabling high efficiency of RF Power
Amplifiers.

• No phase discontinuities because the frequency changes occur at the carrier zero
crossing points.
• The frequency difference between logical one and zero states is always equal to half
the data rate.
Therefore Modulation Index is always equal to 0.5
• Most widely used in 2G Communication Mobiles.
• is a Form of CPFSK (Continuous Phase Frequency Shift Keying )
1

0
• Frequency Difference state 1 and 0 = (1/2 ) Modulation Index

• Makes signals orthogonal to each other which would also 1 bit for
help in easy seperation at the receiver end. symbol

• Is a form of Linear Modulation.


• Consequently it is a popular alternative to QPSK
A plot of the spectrum
of an MSK signal shows
sidebands extending
well beyond a
bandwidth equal to the
data rate.
1 SHARP CUTOFF POINT

GAUSSIAN
2 NARROW BANDWIDTH
FILTER
3 IMPULSE RESPONSE
MSK
gMS
MINIMUM SHIFT KEYING
FUNCTIONING:
• the phase change linear
and limited to ± (π/2) over
a bit interval

Because of the effect of the


linear phase change, the
power spectral density has
low side lobes that help to
control adjacent-channel
interference. However the
main lobe becomes wider
than the quadrature shift
keying.
GENERATING GMSK MODULATION

1 PRACTICALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO SET THE MODULATION INDEX TO 0.5


1
GENERATING GMSK MODULATION

2 PRACTICALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO SET THE MODULATION INDEX TO 0.5


IQ MODULATOR

• Quadrature modulator is used.


• Phase of a signal is in quadrature or 90 degrees to another one.
• One signal that is said to be in-phase and another that is in quadrature to
this.
• Using this type of modulator the modulation index can be maintained at
exactly 0.5 without the need for any settings or adjustments.
• This makes it much easier to use, and capable of providing the required level
of performance without the need for adjustments. For demodulation the
technique can be used in reverse.
RELIABILITY
• The reliability of a data message produced by a GMSK system is highly
dependent on the following:
• Receiver thermal noise: this is produced partly by the receive antenna
and mostly by the radio receiver.
• Channel fading: this is caused by the multipath propagation nature of
the radio channel
• Band limiting: This is mostly associated with the receiver
• DC drifts: may be caused by a number of factors such as temperature
variations, asymmetry of the frequency response of the receiver,
frequency drifts of the receiver local oscillator
ADVANTAGES
• None of the information is carried as amplitude variations.
 Immune to amplitude variations
 More resilient to noise, than some other forms of modulation.
 Convertion to RF signals and Low Power Consumption.

• Successful form of modulation for GSM and some other radio


communications systems.
• Spectral efficiency and option of efficient power amplifier operation enabled
it to be an excellent choice for radio communications systems of the time.
APPLICATION
S
• Most Widely Used in Global System for Mobile Communications
• Used in Remote Controlled Devices
• Used for GPRS & EDGE Systems
• Used for Cellular Digital Packet Data(CDPD) overlay network
REFERENCES
• https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/radio/modulation/what-
is-gmsk-gaussian-minimum-shift-keying.php#
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5APtxZx5qD0
ThankYou

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