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Extension Philosophy and Principles

The document outlines the philosophy and principles of agricultural extension. It defines philosophy as a set of beliefs and principles that guide decisions and judgments. A philosophy of extension establishes the parameters and rationale for programs and establishes that extension's role is to educate and promote positive change. Key principles include: working with people in a two-way communication process; being accountable to clients; cooperating with other organizations; and targeting different groups with specialized programs. The philosophy and principles provide guidance for extension's activities and priorities.

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530 views26 pages

Extension Philosophy and Principles

The document outlines the philosophy and principles of agricultural extension. It defines philosophy as a set of beliefs and principles that guide decisions and judgments. A philosophy of extension establishes the parameters and rationale for programs and establishes that extension's role is to educate and promote positive change. Key principles include: working with people in a two-way communication process; being accountable to clients; cooperating with other organizations; and targeting different groups with specialized programs. The philosophy and principles provide guidance for extension's activities and priorities.

Uploaded by

Vanshence neosilver
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Extension Philosophy

and Principles

Agricultural Extension and Communication


2014 Agriculture Licensure Review
Outline for Review

• What is “philosophy”
• Why a philosophy of extension is
needed
• Extension principles
What is “Philosophy”?

• A BODY OF PRINCIPLES underlying a


given branch of learning or major
discipline, a religious system, a human
activity, or the like.
• A “VIEW OF LIFE” – what OUGHT TO
BE and its components of WHAT IS and
HOW TO BRIDGE THE GAP between
“what is” and “what ought to be”.
• A guide to a person’s actions.
WHAT OUGHT TO BE
(The ideal view of life)
What people should or could be as a result of the extension
program expressed in the objectives.

HOW TO BRIDGE THIS GAP


(The educational means to
(the
attain the objectives –
problem The GAP
methods, procedures used
area or in relation to needs of
needs people that have to be
of people) addressed by extension)

WHAT IS
(The present state of people in terms of knowledge, skills,
attitudes, their resources, level of living, etc.)
A PHILOSOPHY OF EXTENSION
includes the SET OF BELIEFS
AND PRINCIPLES that serves as
basis for MAKING DECISIONS
and JUDGEMENTS in the field of
extension.
Example:
• We BELIEVE that extension is about
DEVELOPMENT;
• … the realization of potentials of people
so that they become PRODUCTIVE;
• … that extension is about POSITIVE
CHANGE;
• … that it is a PROCESS;
• … that it is about EDUCATION – you
teach man HOW TO FISH instead of
GIVING HIM A FISH.
Why a Philosophy of Extension
is Needed

 It ESTABLISHES
PARAMETERS of our field –
help us JUDGE whether our
programs, values, or
educational approach is or is
not an extension practice.
Structures of Philosophy
BELIEFS ETHICS VALUES
One’s mental The basic Something
convictions, view principles of right regarded as
of the world, or actions/conduct desirable, worthy
acceptance of as defined by or right. The
something true or profession, intensity or
actual society and degree of valuing
nation; also something may
referred to as the change in time
ideal conduct
Why a Philosophy of Extension
is Needed

 Articulates the RATIONALE


for analysis, diagnosis,
decision making, action – tells
us WHY WE DO WHAT WE
DO (e.g., why we direct
resources into given
programs; how we establish
priorities, etc.)
Why a Philosophy of Extension
is Needed

 Makes us AWARE OF OUR


VALUES, thus promotes
ongoing SELF EXAMINATION
and EVALUATION – good for
the “health” of the extension
organization by encouraging
creativity, and organizational
renewal.
Why a Philosophy of Extension
is Needed

 Tells extensionists HOW TO


DEFINE THE WORLD, e.g.
controlled by human will? Is
future absolutely defined for
us? Is progress a real
possibility?
Why a Philosophy of Extension
is Needed

■ Describes the NATURE OF


KNOWLEDGE and whether
we believe it is acquired or
transmitted.
Extension Principles

 Communication and education


 Works with people, not for them
 Accountability to clients
 Two-way process linkage
 Cooperate with other agencies
 Work with different target groups
Communication and Education
 Extension agent’s role is as
COMMUNICATOR and EDUCATOR.
 As communicator he/she PASSES
ON USEFUL INFORMATION or
TECHNOLOGY to people who NEED
them.
 As educator he/she HELPS rural
people acquire the KNOWLEDGE,
SKILLS, and ATTITUDES that will help
them effectively utilize the information
or technology.
Works with Rural People

 For impact and sustainability, WORK


WITH NOT FOR the people.
 People MUST PARTICIPATE and
MAKE DECISIONS that will benefit
them; extension agent must ASSIST
THEM by providing all the information
needed and possible alternative
solutions to clientele problems
Accountability to Client

 Extension agent must JUSTIFY TO


THE ORGANIZATION whatever action
he/she takes and be ACCOUNTABLE
and RESPONSIBLE to the clientele
on whatever advice or information
given to him.

 The CLIENTELE is the one to PASS


JUDGEMENT on the SUCCESS or
FAILURE of the extension programs
Two-Way Process Linkage

 Disseminate information and


technology TO and receive
FEEDBACK FROM clientele so that
their NEEDS can be BETTER
FULFILLED.
 LEARN FROM the CLIENTELE the
wealth of their experiences.
Two-Way Process Linkage

Two-way information flow at different


stages:
• When the problem is being defined.
• When recommendations are tested in
the field.
• When farmers put recommendations
into practice.
Two-Way Process Linkage

When the problem is being defined:


- being in regular contact with the
farmers, the extension agent can help
research workers to understand the
farming problems of the area and the
limitations under which the farmers
work
Two-Way Process Linkage

When recommendations are being


tested in the field:
- a new farm or practice might produce
a good results at a research station
but not do so well at farmer’s field
- trials on farmer’s field are an
opportunity to test research
recommendation and provide
feedback for research staff
Two-Way Process Linkage

When farmers put recommendation


into practice:
- sometimes the farmers discover
problems with a recommendation
which the research station failed to
discover
- with the feedback from the farmers
the recommendations can be adjusted
accordingly
Cooperate with Other Agencies

• Extension is ONLY ONE ASPECT OF


THE MANY economic, social, cultural,
and political activities that HOPE TO
PRODUCE CHANGE for the
betterment of the rural masses.
Cooperate with Other Agencies

• Extension should therefore


COOPERATE and COLLABORATE
with both GOs and NGOs to
accomplish the above.
• Extension CAN’T BE EFFECTIVE on
its own as its activities must be
INTERDEPENDENT on other related
activities.
Cooperate with Other Agencies

Kinds of organizations with which


extension services should cooperate
with:
• Political institutions
• Support organizations
• Health services
• Local schools
• Community development
Work with Different Target
Groups
 Extension clientele is made up of
VARIOUS target GROUPS with
DIFFERENT NEEDS, SOCIAL
STATUS, CULTURAL and ECONOMIC
BACKGROUND.
 Extension therefore CANNOT OFFER
A PACKAGE OF TECHNOLOGY FOR
ALL its clientele due to this
HETEROGENEITY.
Work with Different Target
Groups

 Therefore there must be TARGETTING


OF EXTENSION meaning different
programs and technology packages for
different target groups.

BRSumayao UPLB 26

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