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Shallow Foundation - Settlement

The document discusses different types of settlement that can occur in shallow foundations, including immediate or elastic settlement, primary consolidation settlement, and secondary consolidation settlement. It also provides details on how to conduct a plate load test to determine the load-settlement relationship of soil and estimate the safe bearing capacity of a foundation. The plate load test involves placing a steel plate on compacted sand and recording the settlement under gradually increased loads.

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Delina Tedros
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99 views31 pages

Shallow Foundation - Settlement

The document discusses different types of settlement that can occur in shallow foundations, including immediate or elastic settlement, primary consolidation settlement, and secondary consolidation settlement. It also provides details on how to conduct a plate load test to determine the load-settlement relationship of soil and estimate the safe bearing capacity of a foundation. The plate load test involves placing a steel plate on compacted sand and recording the settlement under gradually increased loads.

Uploaded by

Delina Tedros
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

0 foundation settlement

1
Example to consider water table
2
effect
TYPES SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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TYPES SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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TYPES SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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Immediate (elastic settlement) Si


it takes place during or after the construction of structure. It is due to
distortions with in the foundation soils.
Primary Consolidation settlement Sc
This component of settlement occurs due to gradual expansion of water
from the voids of the soil.
Secondary consolidation settlement Ss
This component of settlement is due to secondary settlement. It occurs
after the completion of primary consolidation. It occurs because of
volume change occurring due to rearrangement of soil particles
SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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Immediate (elastic settlement) Si


it takes place during or after the construction of structure. It is due to
distortions with in the foundation soils.
Primary Consolidation settlement Sc
This component of settlement occurs due to gradual expansion of water
from the voids of the soil.
Secondary consolidation settlement Ss
This component of settlement is due to secondary settlement. It occurs
after the completion of primary consolidation. It occurs because of
volume change occurring due to rearrangement of soil particles
TYPES SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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 Immediate (elastic settlement) Si

q= Net foundation pressure( 𝑄𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙/Area)


B= width of the footing
E= modulus of elasticity of the soil
= Poisson’s ratio
= Influence factor depending upon the dimensions of foundation

Types of corrections
(1) Depth correction
(2) Rigidity correction for raft foundation
TYPES SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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TYPES SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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TYPES SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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TYPES SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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TYPES SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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TYPES SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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TYPES OF SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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Reinforced concrete foundation of dimensions 20mx40m exerts uniform pressure of


  
200KN/m2 on the same infinite soil layer. (E= 50KN/m2, = 0.5) Determine the value of
immediate settlement under foundation
TYPES SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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TYPES SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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TYPES SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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TYPES SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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TYPES SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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TYPES SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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TYPES SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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Procedure
 Rough mild steel plates of size 30cm, 45cm, 60cm 0r 75cm square or
circular in shape are generally used
1. 5mm (maximum thickness ) fine sand is placed before placing the
plate
2. Small sizes are used for dense or stiff soil
3. Large size are used for loose or soft soil
4. Water is removed by pumping
 Load on the test plate may be applied by gravity loading or reaction
loading
 Seating load of 70kg/cm2 is first applied and released after
sometimes
 Load is applied at 1/5th the estimated safe load up to the failure or at
least 25mm settlement whichever is earlier.
SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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Procedure
 At each load, settlement is recorded at time intervals of 1, 2.25, 4,
6.25, 9, 18, and 25 min and thereafter at hourly interval
 For clayey soil soils, the load is increased when the time settlement
curve indicates that settlement has exceeded 70-80% of the probable
ultimate settlement or at the end of 24hours
 For others soils, the load is increased when the rate of settlement
drops to aa value less that 0.02mm/min
 Settlement are recorded through a minimum of two dial gauges
mounted on the independent datum and resting diametrically
opposite ends of the plates
 The load settlement curve for the plate can be plotted from the test
data.
TYPES SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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TYPES SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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Important considerations
 Plate size smaller than 30cm should never be used in any case
 It may lead to misleading results , if the soil at site is not
homogenous
 Capillarity in sand bed increases its effective vertical stress or its
stiffness. The test will result in a severe underestimate of actual
settlement
 For clayey soil, immediate settlement is not the main settlement .
However , the plate load test gives the immediate test,
TYPES SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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Safe bearing capacity calculation from plate load test
 The safe bearing capacity of the a footing can be determined from
the load-settlement curve of the test plate
 If the permissible settlement of width Bf is corresponding settlement
of test plate Bp can found from equation given earlier. Then the load
intensity corresponding to is read from load settlement curve and
taken as safe bearing capacity of foundation

 IF the load test is carried out above the natural water table, the
settlement computed from the curve will have to be corrected if there
is a like hood of rise in water table in future
SETTLEMENT IN SHALLOW FOUNDATION
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