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Projectile Motion at An Angle

The document discusses projectile motion at an angle and provides information and formulas to understand and calculate various aspects of projectile motion. It explains that the horizontal and vertical components of motion can be treated separately. It provides the formulas to calculate the horizontal and vertical components of initial velocity based on the initial velocity and launch angle. It also provides formulas and steps to calculate the maximum height and range of a projectile based on its initial velocity, launch angle, and other given values. Sample problems are worked through to demonstrate how to identify and apply the appropriate formulas.

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RHEAMAE GALLEGO
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172 views24 pages

Projectile Motion at An Angle

The document discusses projectile motion at an angle and provides information and formulas to understand and calculate various aspects of projectile motion. It explains that the horizontal and vertical components of motion can be treated separately. It provides the formulas to calculate the horizontal and vertical components of initial velocity based on the initial velocity and launch angle. It also provides formulas and steps to calculate the maximum height and range of a projectile based on its initial velocity, launch angle, and other given values. Sample problems are worked through to demonstrate how to identify and apply the appropriate formulas.

Uploaded by

RHEAMAE GALLEGO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

Projectile Motion at an Angle

Aim: How can we fully understand


projectile motion at an angle?
• Basically, we’re going to look at the basic
components of projectile motion and how they
relate to one another in order to make projectile
motion at an angle.
• To understand projectile motion, let’s look at the
motion of a ball thrown into the air and follow its
trajectory (fancy word for “path of a projectile”).
• Note: assume that there are no forces acting on
the ball besides gravity.
To simplify the idea of projectile motion, you
should think of the horizontal and vertical
components as separate.
How can we find the components of
velocity?
Horizontal Component Vertical Component
vix = vi cosθ viy = vi sinθ
Vi = Initial Velocity
Θ = angle the projectile is launched

Remember: SOH CAH TOA


Imagine the horizontal and vertical
components are on an x and y axis,
respectively. In this case, the
resultant of the two vectors would
be the initial velocity and it would
also act as the “hypotenuse” of the
triangle that the vector resolution
creates.
Note: If the angle is not given in the question
(usually it is), you can find θ using the formula:

θ = tan-1 (diy/dix)
• The largest vertical displacement is called the
height and occurs at the peak of the
trajectory.
• The horizontal distance traveled, is called the
range.
Calculating Maximum Height
Part I: tup & ttotal

When calculating the maximum height of a projectile, the


formula for tup can be used to find the time passed for the
projectile to reach the peak.
tup = Viy/g
Note: g = constant for gravitational acceleration =
9.81m/s2
Since the maximum height is usually half of the full
trajectory (assuming that the projectile lands at the same
height as it was projected), tup is half the amount of the
time of the full motion.
ttotal = 2tup
Calculating Maximum Height
Part II: formula
The formula used for height is:
dymax = di + viytup – 1/2 gtup2

Normally for regents questions, di is equal to zero. Because of this, the


equation is simplified to the following and can be found in your reference
table as well (Without the subscripts, of course. Don’t want to make it too
easy for you!):
dymax = viytup – 1/2 gtup2

Remember:
•viy is the initial vertical component of velocity
•g (the universal gravitational constant) = 9.81m/s 2
•tup was found in the last slide! 

Fun Fact: A projectile will reach the highest height when it is launched at an angle of 90°!
Calculating Maximum Range
Part I: Formula #1

The range accounts for the total amount of time


the projectile is in the air. Therefore, use ttotal!!!!
dx = vixttotal

Note: This formula can be found on your reference table in its full form
d = vit + ½ at2. However, we know that there is no acceleration in the
horizontal component (since we are assuming that there are no outside
forces besides gravity involved) so it is not accounted for.
Calculating Maximum Range
Part I: Formula #2

This formula is not on your reference table.


However, it proves to be convenient in many cases
(if you can memorize it!)
dx = (vi2 sin2θ) / g
Remember:
dx = range
vi = initial velocity
θ = angle projectile is launched
g = 9.81m/s2

Fun Fact: A projectile has the greatest range when it is launched at 45°!
Formulas associated with Projectile
Motion (found on back of Reference table!)
Horizontal Component Vertical Component
vix = vi cosθ viy = vi sinθ
vfx = vix = vx vfy = viy - gt
vfy2 = viy2 - 2gdy
dx = vxt = (vi2 sin2θ) / g dy = viyt - ½ gt2
ax= 0 m/s2 ay = g = 9.81m/s2
Next will be some sample problems.
Remember, the key to getting the correct
answer for a physics question is to pluck out the
variable given in the questions, then finding the
formula that have those variables, and then
plugging them in.
Sample Question #1
A cannonball is fired from ground level at an
angle of 60° with the ground at a speed of
72 m/s. What are the vertical and horizontal
components of the velocity at the time of
launch?
Sample Question #1
Answer and Explanation

Given Remember the formula for finding the x and


vi = 72 m/s y components of velocity? Also: x
component is horizontal and y component is
θ = 60° vertical (think of a coordinate graph!)

Missing: vix = vi cosθ


viy = ?? vix = 72 m/s cos60°
vix = ?? vix = 36 m/s
viy = vi sinθ
viy = 72 m/s sin60°
viy = 62.35 m/s
Sample Question #2
You kick a soccer ball at an angle of 40° above
the ground with a velocity of 20 m/s. What is
the maximum height the soccer ball will reach?
Sample Question #2
Answer and Explanation

Given For this question, you must find the initial vertical
vi = 20 m/s velocity in order to find the maximum height. Then plug
it into a second equation noting that vfy = 0 m/s at
θ = 40° maximum point.
Missing:
viy = vi sinθ
viy = ???
viy = 20m/s sin40°
dy = ???
viy = 12.86 m/s

vfy2 = viy2 – 2gdy


(0m/s)2 = (12.86 m/s)2 – 2(9.81 m/s2)dy
-165.38 m2/s2 = (-19.62m/s2)dy
8.43 m = dy
Sample Question #3
A cannonball is launched at ground level at
an angle of 30° above the horizontal with an
initial velocity of 26 m/s. How far does the
cannonball travel horizontally before it reaches
the ground?
Sample Question #3
Answer and Explanation
Given For this question, the vertical velocity must be found to find the total time. The
vi = 26 m/s horizontal velocity will need to be found to find the total range.
θ = 30°
viy = vi sinθ
Missing: viy = 26 m/s sin30°
vix = ??? viy = 13 m/s
viy = ???
ttotal = ??? ttotal = 2tup = 2 (viy/g)
dx = ??? ttotal = 2 (13m/s /9.81m/s2)
ttotal = 2.65s

vix = vi cosθ
vix = 26 m/s cos30°
vix = 22.56 m/s

dx = vxt
dx = (22.56m/s)(2.65s)
dx = 60m
Sample Question #3
Answer and Explanation #2

Given An easier way to do this problem is to use


vi = 26 m/s the other equation not specified on the
reference table.
θ = 30°
dx = (vi2 sin2θ) / g
dx = [(26m/s)2 sin(2×30°)] / 9.81m/s2
Missing:
dx = ??? dx = 60m

Which equation seems easier?


Sample Question #4
A quarterback throws a football to a stationary
receiver 31.5m away from him. If the football is
thrown at an initial angle of 40° to the ground,
at what initial speed must the quarterback
throw the ball for it to reach the receiver?
Sample Question #4
Answer and Explanation

Given You are given the range of the football and the
angle it is thrown. Therefore to find the initial
dx = 31.5m velocity needed for the football to reach the
receiver, the easiest formula to use would be:
θ = 40° dx = (vi2 sin2θ) / g
31.5m = [vi2 sin(2×40°)]/ 9.81m/s2

Missing: 309 m2/s2 = vi2 sin80°


313.77 m2/s2 = vi2
vi = ??? 17.7 m/s = vi
Sample Question #5
A golf ball is hit a horizontal distance of exactly
300 m. What is the maximum height the golf
ball reaches in the air if it is launched at an angle
of 25° to the ground?
Sample Question #5
Answer and Explanation

Given You are given the range of the golf ball and the angle it is thrown and is looking for
the height. This question will need a few more steps than the previous one. It will be
dx = 300 m easier to find height with viy. The initial vertical velocity can be found if the initial
velocity is found first. The easiest formula to use would be:
θ = 25° dx = (vi2 sin2θ) / g
300m = [vi2 sin(2×25°)]/ 9.81m/s2
2943 m2/s2 = vi2 sin50°
Missing:
3841.81 m2/s2 = vi2
vi = ??? 61.98 m/s = vi
viy = ???
Now that you have vi, you can find viy using the formula:
dy = ??? viy = vi sinθ
viy = 61.98 m/s sin25°
viy = 26.19 m/s

With viy, dy can be determined using the following formula (remember that v fy is 0 m/s
at maximum height!!!) :
vfy2 = viy2 – 2gdy
(0m/s)2 = (26.19 m/s)2 – 2(9.81 m/s2)dy
-686.17 m2/s2 = (-19.62m/s2)dy
34.97 m = dy
The end 

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