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Introduction To Synchronous Generators: By: Aamir Mehmood

This document discusses the construction and operation of synchronous generators. It describes how synchronous generators use a rotor winding energized by a DC source to create a rotating magnetic field. This rotating field induces three-phase voltages in the stator windings. The rotor contains field windings, while the stator contains armature windings. Synchronous generators maintain synchronization between electrical frequency and mechanical rotor speed.

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141 views16 pages

Introduction To Synchronous Generators: By: Aamir Mehmood

This document discusses the construction and operation of synchronous generators. It describes how synchronous generators use a rotor winding energized by a DC source to create a rotating magnetic field. This rotating field induces three-phase voltages in the stator windings. The rotor contains field windings, while the stator contains armature windings. Synchronous generators maintain synchronization between electrical frequency and mechanical rotor speed.

Uploaded by

MOHSIN_IIUI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction To Synchronous

Generators

By: Aamir Mehmood


SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
CONSTRUCTION
• SYN. GEN. IS USED to CONVERT MECHANICAL ENERGY TO AC
ELECTRIC ENERGY: GENERATORS IN POWER PLANTS
• STEADY STATE OPERATION of SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS
DISCUSSED HERE
• GENERATOR CONSTRUCTION
- in synchronous generator, rotor winding energized by dc source to develop
rotor magnetic field
- rotor is turned by a prime mover, producing a rotating magnetic field which
induce 3 phase voltages in stator windings
In general rotor carry the “field windings” , while “armature windings”
(or “stator windings”) carry the main voltages of machine
• therefore:
- rotor windings = field windings
- stator windings = armature windings
SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
CONSTRUCTION
• Rotor of synchronous machine can be
Nonsalient: 2 pole rotor Salient: six-pole rotor
• Photograph of a salient 4-pole synchronous
machine rotor
SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
CONSTRUCTION
• To supply the rotor winding while it is rotating,
special arrangement employed to connect its
terminal to dc supply
1. supply dc power from an external dc source
to rotor by means of slip rings
2. supply dc power from a special dc power
source mounted on shaft of rotor
SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
CONSTRUCTION
• SLIP RINGS: are metal rings encircling shaft
and are insulated from it
- one end of rotor winding is connected to each
of the 2 slip rings
- and a stationary brush mounted on the
machine casing ride on each slip ring
• Brush: a block of graphite like carbon
compound that conducts and has low friction
• same dc voltage is applied to field winding
during rotation
SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
CONSTRUCTION
• Problems associated with slip rings and
brushes:
1- increase the required maintenance (brushes
should be examined for wear regularly)
2- brush voltage drop results in significant power
losses if field current is high
• Despite of above problems, SLIP RINGS &
BRUSHES used for smaller synchronous
machines since is cost-effective
SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
CONSTRUCTION
• on larger generator & motors, brushless exciters are
used
• Brushless Exciter: is a smaller ac generator with its
field circuit mounted on stator & its armature circuit
mounted on rotor shaft
- 3 phase output of exciter generator rectified by
a 3 phase rectifier mounted also on shaft
• By controlling small dc field current of exciter
generator, it is possible to fed (and also adjust) field
current of main machine without slip rings and brushes
SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
CONSTRUCTION
• a small pilot exciter often included in system to have
the excitation of generator independent of any
external power sources
• A pilot exciter is a small ac generator with permanent
magnets mounted on rotor shaft & a 3 phase winding
on stator
• It produces power for field circuit of exciter, which in
turn controls the field circuit of main machine
• With pilot exciter on shaft of generator, no external
electric power is required to run generator
SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR CONSTRUCTION

• Brushless exciter including a pilot exciter


SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR CONSTRUCTION

• PMG: Excitor:
SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
Speed of rotation of synchronous generator
• synchronous generators are synchronous,
during their operation
means: electrical frequency is synchronized with
mechanical speed of rotor
• Relation between electrical frequency of stator
and mechanical speed of rotor as shown
before: fe=nm p / 120
fe : electrical frequency in Hz
nm: speed of rotor in r/min
p: number of poles
SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
FREQUENCY
• Electric power generated at 50 or 60 Hz, so
rotor must turn at fixed speed depending on
number of poles on machine
• To generate 50 Hz in a 4 pole machine, rotor
must turn at 1500 RPM.
• F = RPM x Poles / 120
SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
INTERNAL GENERATED VOLTAGE
• Induced voltage in stator (armature winding)
depends on field current & speed of rotation.
SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
ROUTINE TESTS
• Insulation Resistance Test
• Polarization Index Test
• Winding Resistance Test
• Dissipation Factor Test
THANK YOU!!!

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