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Examinati ON

This document discusses areas of questioned document examination including questioned document examiners, historical dating specialists, fraud investigators, paper and ink specialists, forgery specialists, handwriting analysts, typewriting analysts, and computer crime investigators. It provides brief descriptions of the work each type of expert performs and the areas they focus on, such as analyzing questioned documents, verifying the age and authenticity of documents, investigating financial crimes, analyzing paper, inks, printing processes, and detecting altered or forged documents. The document also covers principles of handwriting examination like comparing samples, determining sample adequacy, and considering writing conditions, and examples of anachronisms like printed headings, paper, writing instruments, typewriting features, erasures, and envelope

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Princess Trina Galapon Ramos
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85 views20 pages

Examinati ON

This document discusses areas of questioned document examination including questioned document examiners, historical dating specialists, fraud investigators, paper and ink specialists, forgery specialists, handwriting analysts, typewriting analysts, and computer crime investigators. It provides brief descriptions of the work each type of expert performs and the areas they focus on, such as analyzing questioned documents, verifying the age and authenticity of documents, investigating financial crimes, analyzing paper, inks, printing processes, and detecting altered or forged documents. The document also covers principles of handwriting examination like comparing samples, determining sample adequacy, and considering writing conditions, and examples of anachronisms like printed headings, paper, writing instruments, typewriting features, erasures, and envelope

Uploaded by

Princess Trina Galapon Ramos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER

EXAMINATI
ON
AREAS OF QUESTIONED
DOCUMENT EXAMINATION
1. Questioned Document Examiners
2. Historical Dating
3. Fraud investigators
4. Paper and Ink Specialists
5. Forgery Specialists
6. Handwriting Analysts
7. Typewriting Analysts
8. Computer Crime Investigators
QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINERS

A document examiner analyzes any


questioned document and is capable
of more than just questions of
authorship
HISTORICAL DATING

This entails the verification of age and


worth of a document or object.
It is sometimes done by a document
examiner, and can get as complicated as
Carbon -14 dating
FRAUD INVESTIGATORS

 Their work often overlaps with


that off the document examiner,
and focuses on the money trail
and criminal intent.
PAPER AND INK SPECIALISTS

 These are public or private experts who date, type,


source, and or catalogue various types of paper,
watermarks, ink, printing/copy/fax machines,
computer cartridges and the like, using chemical
methods.
FORGERY SPECIALIST

 These are public or private experts who analyze


altered, obliterated, changed, or doctored documents
and photos.
HANDWRITING ANALYSTS

These are usually psychology


experts who assess personality
traits from handwriting samples.
TYPEWRITING ANALYSTS
These are experts on the
origin, make, and model used
in typewritten material.
COMPUTER CRIME
INVESTIGATORS

This is an emerging group that


relates to QDE through some
common investigative and
testimonial procedures.
IDENTIFICATION OF
HANDWITING
 Handwriting can be identified with its author, provided it
contains the writing habits, individualities and
characteristics of its author, and provided further that such
writing is subjected to adequate examples of the
handwriting of its author .
UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLES OF
HANDWRITING EXAMINATION

1. Like must be compared/


2. Determine whether the standards are sufficient or
adequate.
3. Determine whether the dates of standards are
proximate to the dates of the questioned document.
4. Consider the conditions under which the questioned
writing was executed.
5. Determine the writing instruments and paper used.
THEORY OF
ANACHRONISM
 An anachronism (from the Greek
“ava”.”against”, and “xpovoc”, “time”) is
anything that is temporally incongruous in
the time period it was placed- that is, it
seems sufficiently out of place as to be
peculiar, incomprehensible, or impossible.
EXAMPLES OF
ANACHRONISMS
1. Printed Heading
2. Paper
3. Writing Instruments
4. Typewriting
5. Erasures
6. Opening and releasing of envelopes.
PRINTED HEADING
 The printed headings of
government forms and letterheads
change frequently as new orders
are placed.
PAPER
The easiest way of
identifying the date of
manufacture of the paper is
by the watermark.
WRITING INSTRUMENTS
 Matching of writing instrument in
questioned document comparison is
essential.
TYPEWRITING

Nowadays, there are varieties


of typewriting machines.
ERASURES
The changing of documents by
removing certain parts is very
common.
OPENING AND RELEASING OF
ENVELOPES

 A common form of theft is stealing


checks and money from envelopes
sent to banks and business
companies.

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