CPM & PERT TECHNIQUES

AADHAR - II
4 nos. LOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS
Finish to start (FS)
Start to finish (SF)
Finish to finish (FF)
Start to start (SS)
 FS : LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP

 Finish-to-Start (FS)
• Most frequently used
• Describes that the independent activity must
finish before the dependent activity can start
• Most often used logical relationship
• B doesn't start before A is finished
Ex: Foundation dug (FS) Concrete done A B
 SF : LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP
 Start-to-Finish (SF)
• The independent activity must start before
the dependent activity can finish
• This logical relationship is seldom used
• B doesn't finish before A starts
A
Ex: New shift started (SF) Previous shift finished

B
 FF: LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP
 Finish-to-Finish (FF)
• The independent activity must finish
before the dependent activity finishes
• B doesn't finish before A is finished
Ex: Last chapter written (FF) Entire book A
completed

B
 SS : LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP
 Start-to-Start (SS)
• The independent activity must start before
the dependent activity can start.
• Rarely used relationship
• B doesn't start before A starts
A
Ex: Project work started (SS) Project Management
activities started

B
 Time Management

Critical Path Method

A=3
C
B=5
Start E Finish
A
C=7 B

D=6 F
D
E=4

F=5
 Critical Path Method (CPM)
Is a schedule network analysis technique.
It determines the amount of float, or schedule flexibility for each of the
network paths by calculating the earliest start date, earliest finish date,
latest start date, and latest finish date for each activity.
The CRITICAL PATH is the path with the longest duration and will
always have ZERO float.
It relies on sequential networks and on a single duration estimate
for each activity
On any network path, the positive difference between early and late
start / finish dates is called as “Total Float time” or “Slack time”
Any project activity with a float time is equal to zero, is on CRITICAL
PATH
The network path having all critical path tasks is called is CRITICAL
PATH
 Critical Path Method (CPM)
Free Float
Total time an activity can be delayed without delaying the early start of
any successor activities
Project slack
The total time the project can be delayed without passing the customer-
expected completion date
 Critical Path Method (CPM)
Calculating Forward Pass
1.To early start date, add duration of the activity and subtract one to get early
finish date
2.Example: If an activity is starting on 1st of December and duration is 10 days,
then
3.(1+10)-1 is forward pass calculation
Calculating Backward Pass
To late finish date, subtract duration and add one to get late start date
In the previous example, (10-10)+1
 Critical Path Method (CPM)
Forward Pass ES=12
C-2 ES=14
ES=1 ES=4
D-7
A-3 B-5 EF=13
EF=8 EF=20
EF=3

Start
END

ES=1
ES=12
E-9 ES=10
ES=Early Start G-4 EF=Early Finish
EF=9 F-2
EF=11 EF=15
 Critical Path Method (CPM)
Backward Pass
LS=12
C-2 LS=14
LS=4 LS=7
D-7
A-3 B-5 LF=13
LF=11 LF=20
LF=6

Start
END

LS=1
LS=17
E-9 LS=10
G-4
LF=9 F-2
LS=Late Start LF=Late Finish
LF=11 LF=20
 Critical Path Method (CPM)
CRITICAL PATH ES=12 EF=13 Float =0
Float =3
ES=14 EF=20
C-2
LS=4 LS=7
Float =3
D-7 Float =0
A-3 B-5
LS=12 LF=13
LF=11 LS=14 LF=20
LF=6

START END
Float =0
ES=1 EF=9

LS=17
E-9 ES=10 EF=11
G-4 Float =5
F-2
LS=1 LF=9 Float =0

LS=10 LF=11 LF=20

PERT :
Three-point Estimates
Is also known as Program Evaluation & Review Technique (PERT)
Uses three estimates to calculate average
The three estimates are
1. Most likely
2. Optimistic
3. Pessimistic

The estimate is (O+4*M+P)/6

A probabilistic approach, using statistical estimates of

durations.
PERT :
Three-point Estimates
Is also known as Program Evaluation & Review Technique (PERT)
Uses three estimates to calculate average
The three estimates are
1. Most likely
2. Optimistic
3. Pessimistic

The estimate is (O+4*M+P)/6

A probabilistic approach, using statistical estimates of

durations.