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DC Voltage Sources: Prepared By: Alexander T. Montero, Ree, Rme

Batteries are the most common DC voltage sources and come in a variety of types. Primary batteries cannot be recharged while secondary batteries like car batteries are rechargeable. Common battery types include alkaline used in devices like flashlights, carbon-zinc which were widely used but are being replaced by alkaline, lithium used in watches and cameras, and nickel-cadmium which are rechargeable and used in home electronics. Larger lead-acid batteries are used to start cars. Battery capacity is measured in amp-hours and depends on the current draw and usage time. Electronic devices use power supplies to convert AC mains power to required DC voltages. Solar cells convert light to electrical energy using photovoltaic effects.

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Marc Jairro Gajudo
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61 views12 pages

DC Voltage Sources: Prepared By: Alexander T. Montero, Ree, Rme

Batteries are the most common DC voltage sources and come in a variety of types. Primary batteries cannot be recharged while secondary batteries like car batteries are rechargeable. Common battery types include alkaline used in devices like flashlights, carbon-zinc which were widely used but are being replaced by alkaline, lithium used in watches and cameras, and nickel-cadmium which are rechargeable and used in home electronics. Larger lead-acid batteries are used to start cars. Battery capacity is measured in amp-hours and depends on the current draw and usage time. Electronic devices use power supplies to convert AC mains power to required DC voltages. Solar cells convert light to electrical energy using photovoltaic effects.

Uploaded by

Marc Jairro Gajudo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DC Voltage Sources

Prepared by: ALEXANDER T. MONTERO, REE, RME

1
Batteries
Batteries are the most common dc source.
Chemical interaction between the electrodes
and the electrolyte creates the voltage of the
battery.
They are made in a variety of shapes, sizes, and
ratings, from miniaturized button batteries
capable of delivering only a few microamps to
large automotive batteries capable of delivering
hundreds of amps. 2
Common sizes are the AAA, AA, C, and D.
Batteries Types
Primary batteries - cannot be recharged like
the some of the flashlight batteries
Secondary batteries – are rechargeale
batteries like the automobile battery

3
Types of Batteries and Their Applications
Alkaline
• This is one of the most widely used, general-purpose primary
cells available.
• Alkaline batteries are used in flashlights, portable radios, TV
remote controllers, cassette players, cameras, toys, and so on.
They come in various sizes as depicted in Figure 2–12.
• Alkaline batteries provide 50% to 100% more total energy for
the same size unit than carbon-zinc cells.
• Their nominal cell voltage is 1.5 V.

4
Types of Batteries and Their Applications

Carbon-Zinc
• Also called a dry cell, the carbon-zinc battery was for many
years the mostwidely used primary cell, but it is now giving
way to other types such as the alkaline battery.
• Its nominal cell voltage is 1.5 volts.

5
Types of Batteries and Their Applications

Lithium
• Lithium batteries (Figure 2–13) feature small size and long life
(e.g., shelf lives of 10 to 20 years).
• Applications include watches, pacemakers, cameras, and
battery backup of computer memories.
• Several types of lithium cells are available, with voltages from
of 2 V to 3.5 V and current ratings from the microampere to
the ampere range.

6
Types of Batteries and Their Applications

Nickel-Cadmium
• Commonly called “Ni-Cads,” these are the most popular,
general-purpose rechargeable batteries available.
• They have long service lives, operate over wide temperature
ranges, and are manufactured in many styles and sizes,
including C, D, AAA, and AA.
• Inexpensive chargers make it economically feasible to use
nickel-cadmium batteries for home entertainment equipment.

7
Types of Batteries and Their Applications

Lead-Acid
• This is the familiar automotive battery. Its basic cell voltage is
about 2 volts, but typically, six cells are connected internally to
provide 12 volts at its terminals.
• Lead-acid batteries are capable of delivering large current (in
excess of 100 A) for short periods as required, for example, to
start an automobile.

8
Battery Capacity
• Battery capacity is specified in ampere-hours (A-h).
• The ampere-hour rating of a battery is equal to the
product of its current drain times the length of time that
you can expect to draw the specified current before the
battery becomes unusable.
• For example, a battery rated at 200 A-h can theoretically
supply 20 A for 10 h, or 5 A for 40 h, etc.
• The relationship between capacity, life, and current drain
is

9
Battery Capacity

10
Electronic Power Supplies
• Electronic systems such asTV sets,VCRs, computers, and so on,
require dc for their operation.
• It obtains power from the commercial ac power lines by
means of built-in power supplies convert the incoming ac to
the dc voltages required by the equipment.
• Power supplies are also used in electronic laboratories.

11
Solar Cells
• Solar cells convert light energy to electrical energy using
photovoltaic means.
• The basic cell consists of two layers of semiconductor
material. When light strikes the cell, many electrons gain
enough energy to cross from one layer to the other to create a
dc voltage.

12

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