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Course Title ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Course Code ACE015
Class VII Semester
Section A& B
Name of the Faculty J S R Prasad
Lecture hour and Date 12:00 to 1:00
Course Outcome/s Understand the importance of Protected Water
Supply
Topic Covered Protected Water Supply
Topic Learning Outcome Understand the need of Protected Water Supply

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 INTRODUCTION

What is Environment?
The term environment has been derived from a French word
“Environia” means to surround. It refers to both abiotic (physical or
non-living) and biotic (living) environment. The word environment
means surroundings, in which a person, animal, or plant lives or
operates. Environment and the organisms are two dynamic and
complex component of nature. Environment regulates the life of the
organisms including human beings. Human beings interact with the
environment more vigorously than any other living beings.
Ordinarily environment refers to the materials and forces that
surrounds the living organism.

Purpose of Environmental Engineering:-

Environmental engineers play an important role in improving
and saving human lives. Research on Environment 1
 INTRODUCTION

Definition of Environment.
1: the circumstances, objects, or conditions by which one is
surrounded.
2: the complex of physical, chemical, and biotic factors (such as
climate, soil, and living things) that act upon an organism or an
ecological community and ultimately determine its form and
survival.

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 INTRODUCTION

Environmental engineering means

is the application of science and engineering principles to
improve the environment (air, water, and/or land resources), to
provide healthful water, air, and land for human habitation and
for other organisms, and to remediate polluted sites.

(Or)

Environmental engineering use the principles of engineering,

soil science, biology, and chemistry to develop solutions
to environmental problems. They work to improve recycling,
waste disposal, public health, and water and air pollution
control.

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PURPOSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Environmental engineers play an important role in improving

and saving human lives.
Latest Research on Environment helps environmental
engineers develop new ways to improve our life.

For example, they design the water management and water

waste systems which clean our water and eliminate dangerous
bacteria and viruses. ...

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REASONS TO STUDY ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING:
Environmental engineers play an important role in improving and
saving human lives. Environmental engineers have great
responsibilities, but they can also sleep better at night, knowing that
what they do has a major impact on our society and nature.

it is a fact that life is tied with the environment.

some of the main responsibilities for future environmental engineers:

•Research and develop alternative renewable energy resources
•Improve recycling and waste disposal
•Improve water and air pollution control
•Develop methods of cleaning up existing hazards
•Design and build sustainable ecosystems; for example, systems that
help combat global warming
•Evaluate, report and develop solutions for environmental problems
For instance, researchers at Stanford University discovered that 1
 IMPORTANCE OF WATER

No life can exist without water

It is as essential for life as air is

Two-third of human body is constituted of water

Provides luxuries and comforts to human beings

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 IMPORTANCE OF WATER

The objectives of protected water supply scheme are

 To supply safe and wholesome water to consumers

 To supply water in sufficient quantities
 To supply water at convenient points and timings
 To supply water at reasonable cost to the users
 To encourage personal and house hold cleanliness of users

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 IMPORTANCE OF WATER
Components of a protected water supply scheme

 Source of water

 Intakes

 Treatment

 Distribution

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CLASSIFICATION OF SOURCES OF WATER

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SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF WATER SUPPLY
SCHEME

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 DESIGN PERIOD
Water supply projects includes permanent constructions at Intakes,
treatment plants and overhead tanks and laying of pipe lines.
They can not be replaced or resized or reconstructed easily in every
year, as per the needs of the increased population, as it include huge
amount of capital
The design periods for various project components may be taken as
follows

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INTAKES
Intakes are structures which collect water from the surface
sources, for further conveyance to treatment plant.
e.g. Reservoir intake, Lake intake, River intake, Canal intake

TREATMENT OF WATER
The raw water from different sources contains various impurities
It can not be directly used by the public
To reduce the impurities below the allowable limits, raw water
should be properly treated in a treatment plant

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 REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

• Sufficient pressure head at all points

• The minimum residual pressure for a single storey building is 0.07
N/mm2 and for a double storey building is 0.12 N/mm2
• Requisite amount of water for fire fighting
• Economical
• Simple and easy to operate
• Distribution pipes should not be laid below sewer lines, to avoid
pollution
• Min. pipe sizes of 100 mm for towns having population up to
50,000 and 150 mm pipes for those above 50,000

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POINTS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR A PROTECTED
WATER SUPPLY SCHEME (WSS)
The following factors should be kept in view in water supply for
particular place.
THE SOURCE: Source should be selected which may sufficiently
provide the water in all the seasons. The sources may be wells steams,
natural lakes, deep ponds in rivers, reservoirs, perennial rivers etc.

QUANTITY OF WATER: It can be estimated by considering need

for present population and future population growth during the design
period also some quantity of water will be required for fire fighting,
public conveniences street washings and horticultural purposes. In
addition to these some water is usually wasted by the consumers.
Thus the total quantity way of water may be estimated for a particular
locality considering all the above factors.

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CHECK CALCULATION: After the above calculations are
completed, designer should again confirm whether the source of water
will provide the required amount of water especially in summer season
of the driest year.
DISTANCE AND DIFFERENCE IN ELEVATION: The designer
should see distance and difference in elevation in a town with respect
to source of water. As far as possible the water should be under enough
pressure in service pipes so that it may reach upto 10-15m.
IMPOUNDING RESERVOIR: May only be provided if its provision
at higher elevation is not economical.
QUALITY OF WATER: After this the quality of water should be
tested the treatment units should be installed according to degree of
pollution in the source.
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METHODS OF PURIFICATION: The methods of purification of
water for drinking purposes may be divided into 5 parts viz.
a) SCREENING: in which the fine and coarse particles, rags,
     

papers, etc are separated through fine and coarse screens.

b) PLAIN SEDIMENTATION: in which the sedimentation of set
    

liable solids in large tanks is affected.

c) COAGULATION OR CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION: This is
     

adopted when there is much turbidity. The alum solution is generally

mixed in water and the precipitation is formed which is later
separated.

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d) FILTRATION: in which water is passed through layers of
stones and sand.
 
e) DISINFECTION: in which the pathogenic bacteria are
destroyed.
NOTE: In addition to these some special methods like softening,
aeration, iron removal etc.. are also resorted to remove color, bad
taste smell etc.
viii)  SERVICE RESERVOIR: Pure water may be stored at a higher
elevation in the town which is called a service reservoir. From
these reservoir the water may be supplied in the hours of peak
demand
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ix) DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM: the water from the service reservoir
is served to consumers through a network of mains, sub mains, laterals
called as distribution network system.

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