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Introduction To Earth Science

This document provides an overview of the four main branches of Earth science: geology, meteorology, oceanography, and astronomy. It describes the key areas of focus within each branch. For example, it states that geology is the study of the solid earth, meteorology is the study of the atmosphere and weather/climate, oceanography is the study of the oceans, and astronomy is the study of the universe beyond Earth. It also provides some examples of related fields within each branch, such as volcanology within geology and physical and chemical oceanography within oceanography.

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203 views62 pages

Introduction To Earth Science

This document provides an overview of the four main branches of Earth science: geology, meteorology, oceanography, and astronomy. It describes the key areas of focus within each branch. For example, it states that geology is the study of the solid earth, meteorology is the study of the atmosphere and weather/climate, oceanography is the study of the oceans, and astronomy is the study of the universe beyond Earth. It also provides some examples of related fields within each branch, such as volcanology within geology and physical and chemical oceanography within oceanography.

Uploaded by

Princess Cueva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Slide 43

 This learning area is


designed to provide a
general background
for the understanding
of the Earth.
 It presents the history
of the Earth through
geologic time. It
discusses the earth’s
structure and
composition,
the processes that occur
beneath and on the
earth’s surface as well as
issues, concerns, and
problems pertaining to
earth’s resources.
 It is also known as
geoscience that
includes all the fields of
natural science that is
related to the planet
Earth.
 This is a branch of
science dealing with
the physical
constitution of the
earth and its
atmosphere.
 It is a study of the earth
and its neighbors in
space. It is an exciting
science with many
interesting and
practical applications.
 Some earth scientists
use their knowledge
of the earth to locate
and develop energy
and mineral
resources.
FOUR
BRANCHES
OF EARTH
SCIENCE
1. GEOLOGY
 It is the study of the
solid earth. Geologists
study how rocks and
minerals form. The way
mountains rise up is
part of geology.
 The way mountains
erode away is another
part. Geologists also
study fossils and
earth’s history.
 Is the primary Earth
science. The word means
“study of the earth”.
Geology deals with the
composition of earth
materials, Earth structures,
and Earth processes.
 It is also concerned
with the organisms
of the planet and
how the planet has
changed over time.
 Geologists search fuels
and minerals, study
natural hazards, and
work to protect earth’s
environment.
 Geologists can tell
how old rocks are
and determine how
different rock layers
formed.
 Geologists might study
rivers and lakes, the
underground water
found between soil and
rock particles, or even
water that is frozen in
glaciers.
Key Terms:

a. Volcanologists- study of
volcanoes.
b. Seismologists- monitor
earthquakes worldwide to help
protect people and property from
harm.
c. Paleontologists- are
interested in fossils and how
ancient organisms lived.
d. Planetary geologists- are the
ones who compare the geology
of other planets to Earth.
2. METEOROLOGY
 It is the study of the
atmosphere not meteors
and how processes in the
atmosphere determine
Earth’s weather and
climate.
 The study of
meteorology is the
critical importance in
protecting Earth’s
environment.
 The word “meteor”
refers to things in the
air. It includes the study
of weather patterns,
clouds, hurricanes, and
tornadoes.
 By using radars and
satellites,
meteorologists work to
predict, or forecast, the
weather.
CLIMATOLOGISTS
They also study the
atmosphere. These scientists
work to understand the climate
as it is now. They also study
how climate change in response
to global warming.
3. OCEANOGRAPHY
 It is the study of the oceans. The
word oceanology might be
more accurate, since “ology” is
“the study of”. “graph” is “to
write” and refers to
mapmaking. But mapping the
oceans is how the
oceanography started.
 More than 70% of earth’s surface is covered
with water. Almost all of that water is in
the oceans. Scientists have visited the
deepest parts of the ocean in submarines.
 Is the study of earth’s
oceans- their
composition,
movement, organisms,
and different processes.
 The oceans cover most of our planet and are
important resources for food and other
commodities. They are increasingly being used
as an energy source.
 The oceans also have
major influence on the
weather, and changes
in the oceans can drive
or moderate climate
change.
 Oceanographers work to
develop the ocean as a
resource and protect it
from human impact. The
goal is to utilize the oceans
while minimizing the
effects of our actions.
Branches
of
Oceanography
a. Physical oceanography
 it is the study of water
movement, like waves and
ocean currents. Physical
oceanographers ask when or if
a tsunami will hit a shoreline.
b. Marine geologists
 Look at the rocks and
structures in the ocean
basins. These scientists ask
how new ocean crust forms.
c. Chemical oceanographers
They are the ones
concerned with where
carbon dioxide goes in the
oceans.
4. Astronomy
 It is the study of the universe.
Astronomers can also use a
knowledge of earth materials,
processes, and history to
understand other planets
even those outside of our
own solar system.
 It is the study of outer space and the
physical bodies beyond planet earth.
Astronomers use telescopes to see things
far beyond what the human eye can see.
 Astronomers help to
design spacecraft or
satellites that travel into
space and send back
information about
faraway places.
Environmental
Science
 Scientists that study the
effects of people have on
their environment. This
includes the landscape,
atmosphere, water, and
living things.
 These scientists ask all
sorts of questions about
how earth systems are
changing as a result of
human actions. They try
to predict what changes
will come in the future.

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