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Word Analogy

An analogy compares two things that are mostly different but have some traits in common. Word analogies compare pairs of words based on their relationship. There are many types of word analogies including synonyms, antonyms, descriptive, category/classification, purpose/function, part-whole, object-location, object-action, cause-effect, and association relationships. Solving word analogies helps develop critical thinking skills by determining the relationship between the first pair of words and matching it in the second pair.

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Cygfrid Buenviaje
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204 views20 pages

Word Analogy

An analogy compares two things that are mostly different but have some traits in common. Word analogies compare pairs of words based on their relationship. There are many types of word analogies including synonyms, antonyms, descriptive, category/classification, purpose/function, part-whole, object-location, object-action, cause-effect, and association relationships. Solving word analogies helps develop critical thinking skills by determining the relationship between the first pair of words and matching it in the second pair.

Uploaded by

Cygfrid Buenviaje
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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English: Analogy — made by Cygfrid Buenviaje


Analogy…
What is an analogy?

Analogy is a comparison between two things, typically for


the purpose of explanation or clarification. It is a comparison
of things based on ways they are alike.

Analogy explains one thing in terms of another to highlight


the ways which they are alike. Sometimes the things being
compared are quite similar, but other times they could be
very different. Many analogies are so useful that they are
part of everyday speech.
Analogy…
Examples of Analogy Used in Speech and Writing

• Life is like a box of chocolates.


• Explaining a joke is like dissecting a frog.
• Writing a book of poetry is like dropping a rose petal down
the Grand Canyon and waiting for the echo. (Don Marquis)

Writers use many forms of analogies in their work to make a


comparison that is memorable and helps the reader better
understand their point.
Analogy…
What is word analogy?

An analogy compares two things that are mostly different


from each other but have some traits in common.

Word analogies, or verbal analogies, are like logic puzzles. They


compare two different things by breaking them into parts to
see how they are related.

Kitten is to cat as puppy is to dog.

kitten : cat :: puppy : dog.


Analogy…
What is word analogy?

An analogy always contain two pairs of words. Solving


analogies helps you develop critical thinking skills.

night : day :: happy : sad


Night is to day as happy is to sad.
girl : boy :: up : down
Girl is to boy as up is to down.
Analogy…
What is word analogy?

Word analogies use colons (:) and double colons (::) to stand
for words. Colons stands for the word “is to” and double colon
stands for the word “as”. Double colon separates the pairs of
words.
Word analogy can show many tree : leaf :: flower : petal
different types of word
relationships. The key is deciding like : love :: dislike : hate
what the relationship between the
first set of words is, and matching
it in the second set.
Analogy…
Types of Word Analogies

Synonym Relationship
Words mean the same thing in this analogy. If the two words
in the analogy are synonyms, then the second set of words
have to be synonyms as well.

friendly : kind :: mean : aggressive


Obese is to
rough : scratchy :: smooth : silky fat as slender
is to thin.
delicious : yummy :: gross : yucky
Analogy…
Types of Word Analogies

Antonym Relationship
Words have opposite meaning in this analogy. The first two
words in the analogy should have the same opposite
relationship as the second words in the analogy.

smile : frown :: pretty : ugly Poverty is to


wealth as
near : far :: open : closed
sickness is to
inflation : deflation :: frail : strong health.
Analogy…
Types of Word Analogies

Descriptive Relationship
It describes something. It shows a relationship between
two pairs of words. In each pair, one word describes a
characteristic, property, part, function, structure, use,
position, or location of the other.
blue : sky :: green : grass Big is to organism
puppies : furry :: fish : slippery as small is to
microorganism.
sweet : candy :: sour : calamansi
Analogy…
Types of Word Analogies

Category / Classification Relationship


It lists a category of items. It puts something in category.
ballet : dance :: frog : amphibian Pacific is to ocean as
cow : mammal :: snake : reptile Colorado is to river.

Peru : country :: South America : continent


Analogy…
Types of Word Analogies

Purpose / Function Relationship


It lists a tool to the action it performs or it lists an action to
the tool that receives the action.

pencil : write :: scissors : cut Print is to


printer as
kitchen : cook :: bedroom : sleep
copy is to
hit : baseball :: catch : baseball glove copier.
Analogy…
Types of Word Analogies

Part to Whole Relationship


Word order also matters in this analogy, in which the first
word is the part of the whole thing, and the second word is
the whole thing . Be careful about word order as the
relationship could be whole to part instead.
monitor : computer :: finger : hand Arm is to
body as
pitcher : baseball :: lettuce : salad
battery is to
student : classroom :: leaf : tree flashlight.
Analogy…
Types of Word Analogies

Whole to Part Relationship


Word order also matters in this analogy, in which the first
word is the whole thing, and the second word is the part of
the whole thing. Be careful about word order as the
relationship could be part to whole instead.
face : nose :: branch : leaves Car is to
engine as
shirt : button :: door : latch
house is to
ice skate : blade :: skateboard : wheel window.
Analogy…
Types of Word Analogies

Object-Location Relationship

Each word in a set of words are telling where something can


be found.

fish : sea :: moose : forest


Shark is to
bird : nest :: bee : hive ocean as bear
is to den.
fir tree : forest :: cactus : desert
Analogy…
Types of Word Analogies

Object to Action / Action to Object Relationship

Similar to tool and action relationships, but it talks about


person to action relationships. These analogies include a
person rather than an object who performs an action.

artist : draw :: movie star : act Baker is to


teacher : instruct :: accountant : count bake as
cleaner is to
hunt : hunter :: dive : scuba diver clean.
Analogy…
Types of Word Analogies

Cause and Effect Relationship


It involves a noun or verb that leads to the other word.
However, they need to be the exact same relationship on both
sides of the analogy. If these relationship were reversed, it can
cause the analogies to be tricky.
rain : flood :: heat : drought Fatigue is to
yawning as itching
invest : wealthy:: overspend : broke is to scratching.
thirsty : drink :: study : make good grades
Analogy…
Types of Word Analogies

Association Relationship
It involves the association of a noun. It deal directly with the
relationship between two concepts.
artist : entertainment :: programmer : programming

Degree Relationship
Relationship is based on the degree or intensity to which
something goes or is done.
chuckle : laugh :: whimper : cry
Analogy…
Activity 1: Identify the words being defined in each sentence.

1. It is made from sets of words or concepts that have a


particular relationship.
2. It is a relationship pertaining to an object and a thing done by
the object.
3. It is a relationship pertaining to presenting observations about
the characteristics of someone or something in sets of analogy.
4. It is a relationship pertaining to a group of people organized
for a joint purpose.
5. It is a relationship pertaining to an activity or a purpose
natural to or intended for a person or thing.
Analogy…
Activity 2: Identify the word relationship in each set of analogy.

1. thunder: fire :: rain : waves


2. dancer : music :: racer : olympics
3. dark : evening :: bright : morning
4. teachers : education :: priest : religion
5. chapter : book :: zipper : pants
6. wide : narrow :: huge : tiny
7. journalists : write :: artists : paint
8. gun : shoot :: bat : hit
9. sleep : rest :: overwork : exhausted
10. rain : thunderstorm :: warm : hot
Analogy…
Activity 1 & Activity 2:: Answer Key

1. Analogy 1. Cause-Effect
2. Object-action relationship 2. Association
3. Descriptive relationship 3. Descriptive
4. Association relationship 4. Association
5. Purpose / Function relationship 5. Part-whole
6. Antonym
7. Object-action
8. Purpose / Function
9. Cause-Effect
10. Degree

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