OLD TANK PROJECT

Introduction
• An irrigation tank is an storage irrigation scheme, which utilizes
the water stored on the upstream side of the smaller earth dam
(generally height less than 12m).
• Independent catchment drawing their supplies from the run-off
from the catchment areas.
• These tanks fully dependent on the rainfall in the catchment area.
An irrigation tank generally consists of
• An earthen bund across the valley creating storage
• A surplus weir to dispose off flood discharge
• Sluice to feed the channel
• Channel from the sluices to feed the command area.
The problems an irrigation tank generally faces are
• Reduction in the gross capacity of the tank, due to silting
• Reduction in the safety of the bund, due to wearing out of the standard
dimensions of the bund.
The above two problems can be over come by restoring the tank.
• Raising the height of the existing bund.
• By Disilting Process
It can be done in the two ways namely
• Planned staged construction
• Unplanned staged construction
Desilting Methods
• Pumping
• Conveyor
• Bulk Moving
• Long Reach Excavator
• Vacuum Tanker
 Topography
• Topography is the study of the shape and features of the surface of
the Earth and other observable astronomical objects including
planets, moons, and asteroids. The topography of an area could refer
to the surface shapes and features themselves, or a description.where
topographic maps with elevation contours have made "topography"
• Topography in a narrow sense involves the recording of relief or
terrain, the three-dimensional quality of the surface, and the
identification of specific landforms. This is also known as
geomorphometry. In modern usage, this involves generation of
elevation data in digital form (DEM). It is often considered to
include the graphic representation of the landform on a map by a
variety of techniques, including contour lines, hypsometric tints, and
relief shading
 Objectives

• To increase the gross capacity of the tank

• To regain the safety of the bund by achieving the
standard dimensions of the bund.
• To regain the same dead storage level of the tank
The different zones of the Earthern Dam
 Surveys to be conducted
• Longitudinal and cross sections along the proposed centerline
of the tank bund.
• Block levels at the waste weir site.
• Capacity contours at the existing and proposed full tank
levels.
 LONGITUDINAL AND CROSS SECTIONS ALONG THE

CENTER LINE OF THE EXISTING BUND .

Equipment's Required
1) Level with stand 2) Leveling staff
3) Compass with stand 4) Ranging Rods
5) Chain.
Procedure
• A Point along the center line of the existing bund (beyond the existing portion of the bund) is
located whose RL is one meter higher than RL of top of the abutment.
• This point is taken as point of zero chainage. The location of this point should be fixed with
respect to three permanent objects.
• RLs along the center line are taken at every 10m intervals and cross sections are taken at
every 10m interval. Salient features such as sluice and waste weir positions are located while
traversing along the center line.
Drawings
• 1) LS of the bund showing the position of sluice and waste weir showing the existing profile
of the bund and proposed formation levels for the bund and waste weir.
• 2) Cross-section at every 30m intervals showing the profile of existing and proposed bunds.
Scale:
a) Longitudinal section: 1cm:10m; Horizontal 1: 1000; vertical 1:100
b) Cross Section 1:100
Contour
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevations. Such lines are drawn on
the plan of the area. Since the water in a still lake is a level surface, its periphery represents a contour
line.
METHODS OF CONTOURING
• Direct method
• Indirect method

Direct method
Since in this method points on a selected contour are traced first and then horizontal controls are
established this method is also known as tracing out contours. This method is slow, tedious but
accurate. It is suitable for small areas.
For vertical control leveling instrument is commonly used. An instrument station is established at a
commanding point in the area by taking fly level from a nearby bench mark.
Indirect Method
As stated earlier in this method points are selected first and their levels are found. For selecting points
any one of the following methods may be used:
i) Method of squares
ii) Cross – section method or
iii) Radial line method.
 Block levelling
• This method is suitable, if the area to be surveyed is not very large and undulation of the
ground is not much. In this method the area is divided into a number of squares and all
grid points are marked.
• Commonly used size of squares varies from 5 m * 5 m to 20 m * 20 m . By leveling
reduced levels of all grid points are obtained. The grid of squares is plotted, reduced
levels of all grid points marked and contour lines interpolated.
CAPACITY CONTOURS AT THE EXISTING AND PROPOSED
FULL TANK LEVELS.
Equipment's
(1)Level with stand (3) Plane table with accessories
(2)Levelling staff, (4) Tape
(5) Arrows.
Procedure
• Taking the sill of Waste weir as reference, points on the contours are located
at approximately 15m intervals.
• The plane table is set up at a good commanding station and oriented.
• The Plane table and leveling instrument are kept as close as to each other as
possible so that the distance between the contours point and the plane table
can be measured by Tacheometry contour points are located on the plane
table by radiation method.
• Salient features such as electric poles, telephone poles location of bund,
sluice etc, and nature of the terrain should be plotted on the sheet.
• Whenever the plane table and level are to be shifted choose a commanding
position by conducting reconnaissance.
• The plane table and level are shifted to the new commanding position of plane table is
located on the drawing sheet before shifting.
• Three point problems shall be solved for every third plane table station in order to orient
plane table accurately.
• The contour work should be ended at the starting point on the waste weir.
• Drawings: Contour plan with respect to the center line of bund and waste weir
scale
1cm: 10.00 m (1:1000)

Calculation:
1) To estimate the quantity of earthwork involved in restoration of earthen bund.
2) To compute the increased storage capacity of the reservoir.
Restored storage capacity= (A1+A2) h/2
Where
A1 = Area of Existing FTL Contour.
A2 = Area of proposed FTL Contour.
H = Contour interval.
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