3rd Quarter

CYCLE 4

CHEMISTRY
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LEARNING
GOALS AND
STANDARD
 • Identify and recognize the
significant contributions of
scientists in the development
At the end of this of the atomic theory.
• Appreciate the contribution
session, The of each scientists in the
learners should history of an atom.
• Enumerate different atomic
be able to: model
• Name the subatomic
particles.
CONTENT
STANDARD
 SUBATOMIC
The students PARTICLES
demonstrate an
understanding of: MODELS OF AN
ATOM
 CRYPTOGRAM
Breaking the code
According to this philosopher,
all things are composed of
atomos, which may be too
small to be seen by our naked
eye. He also uses mortar and
pestle to prove that atom is
subdivided.

BREAKING THE
4 5 CODE
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D E M O C R I T U S
He is very famous and
influential during his time.
according to him, atom was
made up of FOUR NATURAL
ELEMENTS that affect the
properties of matter.

BREAKING THE
1 CODE
18 9 19 20 15 20 12 5
A R I S T O T L E
He wrote a descriptive poem
called De Rerum Natura. This
poem help the atomic theory
survive during his time.

BREAKING THE
12 CODE
21 3 18 5 20 9 21 19
L U C R E T I U S
“An element is any substance
that cannot be broken down
into simpler substance”.

BREAKING THE
18CODE
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R O B E R T B O Y L E
“He is considered as the Father
of Chemistry. His descriptions of
his element, together with
Boyle’s, supported the concept
of existence of indivisible
particles.

BREAKING THE
CODE
12 1 22 15 9 19 9 5 18

L A V O I S I E R
SUBATOMI
C
PARTICLES
A subatomic particle is a particles smaller than
the atom in which scientists used experimental
observations to establish its existence.

Atoms are made up of smaller particles called

Electron, Proton and Neutron. Electrons and
protons have a property called electric charge
which affects the way they interact with each
other and with electrically charged particles.
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM
ELECTRON

NEUTRON
NUCLEUS
ATOM PROTON
NUCLEU
S The Nucleus consists
neutrons.
of protons and

Nucleus contains all the mass of the atom,

but, it occupies only a tiny fraction of the
space inside the atom.
 In 18th century, JOSEPH JOHN
THOMSON was able to discover electron
from his observations in his cathode ray
tube experiment.

ELECTRON
A cathode ray tube is a glass tubing with two
electrodes, namely, the anode (-) and the cathode
(+), at the end. The glass is then filled with a gas
sample that will discharge electrons in the
presence of electrical energy.
The function of the cathode ray tube
is to convert an electrical signal into
a visual display. Cathode rays or
streams of electron particles are A c a t h o d e R a y Tu b e
quite easy to produce, electrons orbit
every atom and move from atom to
atom as an electric current.
 Another significant event happened in
1909 when ERNEST RUTHERFORD
discovered the nucleus and the proton
through his now-famous gold foil
experiment.

PROTON
He used alpha particles (positively charged rays)
emitted from a radioactive atom to bombard an
ultrathin gold foil and detect the scattered particles
using a zinc sulfide screen.
 They bombarded very thin
sheets of gold foil with fast
moving alpha particles.
Alpha particles, a type of Gold foil experiment
natural radioactive particle, are
positively charge particles with
a mass about 4 times that of a
hydrogen atom.
 In 1932, JAMES CHADWICK worked on the
experiment where beryllium was bombarded
with alpha particles that emitted a stream of
radiation, which he thought to be a gamma
radiation.

NEUTRON
Chadwick’s discovery of the neutron changed the
view of the atom as believed by many scientists.
They realized that the neutron can be used to
examine nuclei.
 The neutral charge does not
entirely mean that there is no
charge. It refers to a region of C h a d w i c k ’s e x p e r i m e n t a l s e t u p
positive and negative charges in
equal amounts.
ATOMIC
MODEL OF
AN ATOM
 BILLIARD
BALL MODEL
(1803)
John Dalton viewed atom
as a solid sphere which is
empty inside.

Atom s the ultimate building

blocks of matter.
 BILLIARD
BALL MODEL
(1803)
Also called a MARBLE
MODEL since the mass
is concentrated at the
center known as the
nucleus.
PLUM PUDDING
MODEL (1904)
Joseph John Thomson proposed the
model of atom to be similar to a
Christmas pudding. The electrons, in a
sphere of positive charge, were like dry
fruits in a spherical Christmas pudding.
 NUCLEAR
MODEL (1911)
Electrons are found flying rapidly and
randomly around the nucleus in an
electron cloud. Discovered by Ernest
Rutherford.

Atom is mostly empty space with

dense positively charged particle
surrounded by a negative electron.
PLANETARY MODEL
(1913)
Neils Bohr agreed with most of the points
regarding atom as proposed by Rutherford’s
model of atom, except the revolution of
electrons for which he added that there are
only certain orbits where electrons revolve
inside the atom.
 WAVE
MODEL (1926)
Describe the possibility
that electrons are
found in space at a
given time. Also known as the
It was discovered by
Erwin Schrodinger.
quantum model
THANK YOU
THANK YOU
THANK YOU
Do You Have Any
Questions?
REFERENCE
Science Book:
Sta. Maria, B. M. (2021).
Science for Innovative
Minds 8. DIWA Learning
Systems Inc.
QUIZ 3: ATOMIC MODEL
DIRECTIONS: Identification. Read and understand
the statement about subatomic particles and the
model of an atom. Write your answer in 1/2 sheet
of paper.
1. A scientist proposed a billiard ball model
where he viewed the atom as an
empty inside a solid sphere.
QUIZ 3: ATOMIC MODEL
2. What year does the planetary model was
discovered?
3. Ernest Rutherford used this method to
discover protons.
4. Also known as the quantum model. It
describes the possibility that
electrons are found in space at a
given time.
QUIZ 3: ATOMIC MODEL
5. What year does the plum pudding
model is discovered?
6. This experiment was used by J.J.
Thomson to discover an electron.
7. Proton has ___ charge.
8. Neutron has ___ charge.
QUIZ 3: ATOMIC MODEL
9. He discovered wave model where
Describe the possibility that electrons are
found in space at a given time.
10. What year does a billiard ball
model was discovered?
COMPLETION: STRUCTURE OF
ATOM 15. ______

14. ______
12. ______
11. ____ 13. ______
QUIZ 3: ATOMIC MODEL
DIRECTIONS: Draw the following models of an atom.
Write also the scientist who discovers these atomic
models.
16. Planetary model
17. Wave model
18. Billiard ball model
19. Plum Pudding model
20. Nuclear model