NR KPI report

1 | Titre de la présentation
Confidentiel
 5G main KPI

• 2-3 types of KPI:

- ENDC KPI
- Common KPI
- NR NSA
- NR SA (later)

- 2 types of counters:
- Regular counters
- Flexible counters

- Same counter name can be on both NRCELLDU/CU and EUTRANFDD/TDD

- MO Class Name types
- Changes in definitions between LTE and NR ( although same naming)

2 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Performance Management Areas

• Accessibility:
o Common accessibility counters (CBRA)
o NR NSA EN-DC Connection Setup (EN-DC setup excluding mobility and PSCell change)
o Accessibility counters for NR SA RRC Connection Establishment
• Retainability EN-DC connection release with release of type normal and abnormal. A normal release is a release with cause “Cell not Available”, “User Inactivity”,
“MCG Mobility” or “SCG Mobility”.
o EN-DC connection release initiated by eNodeB
o EN-DC connection release initiated by GNodeB

• Integrity:
o DL MAC Latency (DL MAC latency measures MAC scheduling latency from the time when packet arrives empty DL buffer to the time when first packet is
transmitted).
o DL MAC DRB Volume, Time and Contention Delay (MAC SDU level MAC SDU level)
• Mobility
o NR NSA Intra-Frequency Intra-GNodeB PSCell Change
o NR NSA Intra-Frequency Inter-GNodeB PSCell Change
o NR SA Intra-GNodeB Mobility (later)
o NR SA Inter-GNodeB Mobility (later)

• Usability and Users

3 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Common NR Key Performance Indicators
Common NR Key Performance Indicators
availability
NR cell availability Cell availability NRCellDU
Accessibility

RandomAccessSuccessRateCapturedingNodeB Random AccessSuccess Rate Captured in gNodeB (contention-based RA procedure (CBRA)) NRCellDU

Random AccessSuccess Rate Captured in gNodeB (contention-Free Random Access (CFRA)) NRCellDU
RLC success rate NRCellDU
Integrity

DL Throughput Average DL MAC Cell Throughput Captured in gNodeB-FixedTime Normalized NRCellDU

5G DL Volume NRCellDU

DL Throughput Normalized Average DL MAC Cell Throughput Captured ingNodeB Considering Traffic NRCellDU

DL Throughput Normalized DL MAC Cell Throughput Captured in gNodeB Considering Actual PDSCH Slot Only NRCellDU
DL Throughput Average DLMACDRB ThroughputCaptured ingNodeB NRCellDU
DL Throughput DL MAC DRB Throughput per QoS Captured in gNodeB NRCellDU
UL Throughput AverageULMACCellThroughput- FixedTimeNormalized NRCellDU
5G UL Volume NRCellDU
Normalized Average UL MAC Cell Throughput Captured in gNodeB Considering Successful PUSCH Slot
UL Throughput Only NRCellDU

UL Throughput Normalized Average UL MAC Cell Throughput Captured in gNodeB Considering Actual PUSCH Slot Only NRCellDU
UL Throughput Average UL MAC UE ThroughputCaptured ingNodeB NRCellDU
Max UL MAC UE ThroughputCaptured ingNodeB, Maximum UE throughput achieved when restricted by
UL Throughput air interface. Unit: kbps NRCellDU
DL Latency Average Overall DL Latency NRCellDU
DL Latency Average DL MAC DRB Latency per QoS Covering non-DRX in-Sync NRCellDU
DL Latency Average DL MAC DRB Latency per QoS Covering DRX in-Sync NRCellDU
Packet Loss DL Packet Loss Captured in gNodeB RpUserPlaneLink
Packet Loss UL Packet Loss Captured in gNodeB RpUserPlaneLink
Packet Loss DL+UL Packet Loss captured in gNodeB (loss on UE, Air Interface and over F1/X2) RpUserPlaneLink
5G_NR_UL_PKT_LOSS_RATE_8 RpUserPlaneLink
5G_NR_UL_PKT_LOSS_RATE_132 RpUserPlaneLink
5G_NR_DL_PKT_LOSS_RATE_RPU_5QI_8 RpUserPlaneLink
5G_NR_DL_PKT_LOSS_RATE_RPU_5QI_132 RpUserPlaneLink
utilization 5G PUSCH slot utilization NRCellDU
5G PDSCH slot utilization NRCellDU
User maximum number of users on gNodeB NRCellDU

4 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 NR NSA Key Performance Indicators
NR NSA Key Performance Indicators
Accessibility
Initial E-RAB Establishment Success Rate Differentiated Initial E-RAB Establishment Success Rate Captured in eNodeB
Differentiated Initial E-RAB Establishment Success Rate, No MO Signaling,
Captured in eNodeB
S1 Signaling Connection Establishment, No MO Signaling,
Ratio
RRC Connection Establishment, No MO Signaling, Ratio
RRC Connection Establishment Attempt, No MO Signaling
RRC Connection Reestablishment, No MO Signaling
Random Access Success Rate Random Access Success Rate Captured in eNodeB
EN-DC Setup Success Rate EN-DC Setup Success Rate Captured in eNodeB EUtranCellFDD
EN-DC Setup Success Rate EN-DC Setup Success Rate Captured in gNodeB NRCellDU
EN-DC Setup Success Rate EN-DC Setup Success Rate Captured in eNodeB for the SCG EUtranCellFDD
EN-DC Setup Success Rate EN-DC Setup Success Rate Captured in gNodeB for the SCG NRCellDU
Retainability
E-RAB Retainability Differentiated E-RAB Retainability - Percentage Lost Captured in eNodeB EUtranCellFDD
FlexErabRelNormal Term EUtranCellFDD
FlexErabRelAbnormal Term EUtranCellFDD
SCG Radio Resource Retainability SCG Radio Resource Retainability NRCellDU
EndcUeRelAbnormal Term NRCellDU
EndcUeRelTotal Term NRCellDU
5G_DL_HARQ_BLER_QPSK
5G_DL_HARQ_BLER_16QAM
5G_DL_HARQ_BLER_64QAM
5G_DL_HARQ_BLER_256QAM
Integrity DL Throughput
DL PDCP UE Throughput Differentiated Average DL PDCP UE Throughput Captured in eNodeB EUtranCellFDD
Differentiated Average CA DL PDCP UE Throughput Captured in eNodeB EUtranCellFDD
UL Throughput
UL PDCP UE Throughput Differentiated Average UL PDCP UE Throughput Captured in eNodeB EUtranCellFDD
Differentiated Average CA UL PDCP UE Throughput Captured in eNodeB EUtranCellFDD
EUtranCellFDD
Mobility Cell Mobility Success Rate in LTE
DiffCellMobPrepSucc EUtranCellFDD
DiffCellMobPrepAtt EUtranCellFDD
DiffCellMobExeSucc EUtranCellFDD
DiffCellMobExeAtt EUtranCellFDD
Mobility Cell Handover Success Rate in LTE
DiffCellHoPrepSucc EUtranCellFDD
DiffCellHoPrepAtt EUtranCellFDD
DiffCellHoExeSucc EUtranCellFDD
DiffCellHoExeAtt EUtranCellFDD
Cell Handover Execution Success Rate in LTE Differentiated Cell Handover Execution Success Rate
DiffCellHoExeSucc EUtranCellFDD
DiffCellHoExeAtt EUtranCellFDD
EN-DC Intra-sgNodeB PSCell Change Success Rate Captured in gNodeB EUtranCellFDD
EN-DC Inter-sgNodeB PSCell Change Success Rate Captured in gNodeB EUtranCellFDD
Handover Success Rate handover Success rate EUtranCellFDD
5 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation
FDD A5 HO EUtranCellFDD
FDD B1 HO EUtranCellFDD
 Example of Random Success Rate KPI differences

6 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Remaining

• Paging procedure
• Different discards, drops, packet loss counters
• Failures
• HO relations and HO parameters
• Accessibility counters
• VoLTE EPC-FB

7 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 5G Architecture

AMF     Access and Mobility Management Function

AUSF    Authentication Server Function
DN       Data Network
NEF      Network Exposure Function
NRF      Network Repository Function
NSSF    Network Slice Selection Function
PCF      Policy Control Function
(R)AN   (Radio) Access Network
SMF     Session Management Function
UDM     Unified Data Management
UPF      User Plane Function

non-roaming SMSF   SMS Function

8 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Mapping EPC functions to new 5G CN functions

9 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 5G/NR - RAN Architecture

MME/S-GW in LTE -> AMF/UPF in NR

X2/S1 in LTE ->Xn/NG-C/U in NR

10 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 NR NSA Radio Bearers
• Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB)
• SRB transports Layer 3 signaling to and from the UE in
connected mode. The SRB is carried over the LTE RAT (the
Master RAT) via the eNodeB in both Option 1 and Option 3x
• Data Radio Bearer (DRB)
• A DRB transports Layer 3 user plane data to and from the UE.
In connected mode the UE has one or more DRBs.
DRBs are described by two characteristics:
The node which terminates the S1-U interface from the core:
• Master Node (MN) or
• Secondary Node (SN)
The cell groups which provide the resources for the bearer over
the air interface:
- Master Cell Group (MCG) or
- Secondary Cell Group (SCG)
- Split (both MCG and SCG provide resources)

11 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 GNBCUCPFunction
• MO Class Name : NRCellCU

pmCellDowntimeAuto
pmCellDowntimeMan pmNgSigConnEstabAtt
pmNgSigConnEstabAttMos
pmDrbEstabAtt5qi pmNgSigConnEstabSucc
pmDrbEstabSucc5qi pmNgSigConnEstabSuccMos
pmDrbRelNormal5qi
pmRwrEutranUeSuccNrCoverage
pmEndcRelUeAbnormalMenb
pmEndcRelUeAbnormalSgnb pmPduSessionEstabAtt
pmEndcRelUeNormal pmPduSessionEstabSucc
pmPduSessionRelNormal
pmEndcSetupScgUeAtt
• MO Class Name : NRCellDU pmEndcSetupScgUeSucc pmRrcConnEstabAtt
CellDowntime Pdsch/Pusch pmRrcConnEstabAttMos
pmEndcSetupUeAtt pmRrcConnEstabAttReatt
DuCellDown Pusch
pmEndcSetupUeSucc pmRrcConnEstabAttReattMos
MacHarqDl/Ul RaAt
pmRrcConnEstabSucc
MacLatTim RaCb pmUeCtxtEstabAtt pmRrcConnEstabSuccMos
MacPucchS RecInterferencePwrDistr pmUeCtxtEstabSucc pmRrcConnLevelMaxEnDc
MacThpUlUe SINR Pucch /Pusch pmUeCtxtRelNormal pmRrcConnLevelMaxSa
MacTimeDl/Ul SsbBeamSwitch
MacVolDl/Ul UeRe
MacVolDlDrb RlcArqDl/Ul
PagDiscar/
12 ConfidentielReceiv
| Titre de la présentation RlcDelay
 Remaining

• Paging procedure
• Different discards, drops, packet loss counters
• Failures
• HO relations and HO parameters
• Accessibility counters

13 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Paging

• Paging

• The overall purpose of Paging in NR is same as LTE Paging, but in details there are some differences between NR paging and
LTE paging.
• In LTE, Paging had performed roughly 3 main things as follows.
o Triggering RRC Setup
o System Information Modification
o PWS/ETWS notification
• In NR, Paging functions mostly for Triggering RRC Setup (RRC Request and RRC Connection Resumption). System
Information Modification and PWS/ETWS notification is done by DCI 1_0 with P_RNTI and corresponding PDSCH.

14 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Accessibility
Accessibility counters for NR NSA

• NR NSA EN-DC Connection

Setup
• pmEndcSetupUeAtt
• pmEndcSetupUeSucc
• pmEndcSetupScgUeAtt
• pmEndcSetupScgUeSucc
• pmEndcNrDrbSetupAtt
• pmEndcNrDrbSetupSucc

• fig-1 Addition Request initiated

EN-DC connection setup
• Fig-2 Modification Request
Initiated EN-DC connection setup

15 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Retainability
EN-DC connection release initiated by eNodeB EN-DC connection release initiated by GNodeB

• pmEndcRelUeNormal • pmEndcRelUeAbnormalSgnb
• pmEndcRelUeAbnormalMenb • pmEndcRelUeAbnormalMenb

16 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Integrity
DL MAC Latency DL MAC DRB Volume, Time and Contention Delay

• DL MAC latency measures MAC scheduling latency from the time • to cover the DL MAC DRB Volume, Time and Contention Delay
when packet arrives empty DL buffer to the time when first packet areas for use in NR NSA and NR SA, measured on MAC SDU
is transmitted. level.
• pmMacVolDlDrb
• pmMacLatTimeDlNoDrxSyncQos • pmMacVolDlDrbQoS
• pmMacLatTimeDlNoDrxSyncSampQos • pmMacVolDlDrbLastSlot
• pmMacLatTimeDlDrxSyncQos • pmMacVolDlDrbLastSlotQoS
• pmMacLatTimeDlDrxSyncSampQos • pmMacVolDlDrbSingleBurst
• pmMacVolDlDrbSingleBurstSamp
• pmMacTimeDlDrb
• pmMacTimeDlDrbQoS
• pmMacTimeDlDrbSamp
• pmMacTimeDlDrbSampQoS
• pmMacTimeDlDrbLastSlot
• pmMacTimeDlDrbLastSlotQoS
• pmMacTimeDlDrbLastSlotSamp
• pmMacTimeDlDrbLastSlotSampQoS
• pmMacContentionDelayDlDistr
17 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation
 Mobility
NR NSA Intra-Frequency Intra-GNodeB PSCell Change NR NSA Intra-Frequency Inter-GNodeB PSCell Change
• pmEndcPSCellChangeInterSgnbAtt
• pmEndcPSCellChangeIntraSgnbAtt • pmEndcPSCellChangeInterSgnbSucc
• pmEndcPSCellChangeIntraSgnbSucc • pmEndcPSCellChangeResAllocInterSgnbReq
• pmEndcPSCellChangeResAllocInterSgnbSucc

18 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 NR Mobility: Neighbour cells and Handovers

The NR Mobility feature involves the following functionality:

NSA Intra-Frequency Mobility
The purpose of the NR Mobility feature is to manage mobility for the UE. The feature allows EN-DC-configured UEs with SCG
resources to perform intra-frequency A3 measurement reporting and PSCell change.
When the event A3 measurement report is received by the gNodeB and the reported NR cell has an internal or external cell relation
to the currently used PSCell, a PSCell change is triggered. If no such cell is available, the Secondary Node resources are released.

The LTE-NR Dual Connectivity feature is a prerequisite for NR Mobility support.

• SRB3 is not supported. Measurement configuration and reporting are signaled through eNodeB on SRB1.
• The gNodeB configures mobility measurements based on UE capability. The measurement report is evaluated by the gNodeB.
The evaluation result triggers an intra-gNodeB PSCell change, an inter-gNodeB PSCell change, or a Secondary Node Release
procedure.

19 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 • For Downlink Carrier Aggregation on LTE, the MCG consists of one primary cell (PCell) and one or more secondary cells
(SCells), each on a different frequency.
• For Downlink Carrier Aggregation on NR, the SCG consists of one primary secondary cell (PSCell) and one or more secondary
cells, each on a different frequency.

20 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 UE Measurement Configuration and Reporting for Event A3

21 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Intra-Frequency Intra-gNodeB PSCell Change and Inter-gNodeB PSCell Change
Intra-Frequency Intra-gNodeB PSCell Change: Intra-Frequency Inter-gNodeB PSCell Change:

Packet forwarding is not supported for intra-gNodeB PSCell 1. The gNodeB informs the eNodeB about the required PSCell change by
change. sending X2AP: SGNB CHANGE REQUIRED.
2. The eNodeB sends X2AP: SGNB ADDITION REQUEST with cause value
The intra-gNodeB PSCell change sequence involves the following SN Change to the target gNodeB.
steps: 3. The target gNodeB responds with X2AP: SGNB ADDITION
1. The gNodeB prepares resources for the target NR PSCell. ACKNOWLEDGE.
2. The gNodeB forwards the new SCG configuration to the eNodeB in 4. The eNodeB initiates an RRC reconfiguration by sending
the X2AP: SGNB MODIFICATION REQUIRED message. The RRCConnectionReconfiguration.
configuration also includes the updated A3 measurement 5. Simultaneously, the eNodeB responds to the gNodeB by sending X2AP:
configuration for the target PSCell. SGNB CHANGE CONFIRM.
3. The eNodeB builds the LTE RRC RECONFIGURATION message 6. When the source gNodeB has received the confirmation, it begins downlink
containing the modified SCG configuration. It sends the modified packet forwarding to the target gNodeB and sends SN STATUS TRANSFER to
SCG configuration to the UE on SRB1. the eNodeB (including Count value).
4. The UE acknowledges the new configuration by sending the RRC 7. The eNodeB forwards the Count value to the target gNodeB by sending SN
CONNECTION RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE message on STATUS TRANSFER.
SRB1. 8. The UE initiates LTE Random Access and responds by sending
5. The UE synchronizes the target NR PSCell and performs NR RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete to the eNodeB.
random access. 9. The UE initiates NR Random Access in the target gNodeB.
10. When the eNodeB receives the RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete, it
informs the target gNodeB that the reconfiguration is complete by sending
X2AP: SGNB RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE.
11. The eNodeB informs MME about the target gNodeB by sending ERAB
22 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation MODIFICATION INDICATION.
 PSCell Change Failure

If no PSCell change can be triggered upon receiving an A3 measurement report, the gNodeB evaluates the parameter
endcActionA3EvalFail.
If it is set to IGNORE, the measurement report is ignored and the current PSCell is kept. This may lead to RLF if the UE leaves the
radio coverage.
If it is set to RELEASE, the gNodeB initiates a Secondary Node Release towards the eNodeB:
1. The gNodeB sends X2AP: SGNB RELEASE REQUIRED with cause value SCG MOBILITY.
2. The eNodeB releases the Secondary Node resources and starts a new B1 measurement.
3. The UE reports the best NR cell to eNodeB by sending an NR B1 measurement report on SRB1.
4. The eNodeB triggers Secondary Node Addition to the previously used gNodeB, or to a new gNodeB based on the B1
measurement result.

A3 SCG
Neighbour becomes offset better than Pcell
SCG ( Secondary Cell Group ) Bearer: A bearer terminating at SN node (in case of EN-
B1 DC, more specifically at gNB) Here terminating means, which node (MN/SN) PDCP is
being used for the bearer.
Inter RAT neighbour becomes better than threshold

23 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Parameters for NR Mobility

24 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Performance of NR Mobility

KPIs

EN-DC intra-sgNodeB PSCell Change success rate captured in gNodeB

EN-DC inter-sgNodeB PSCell Change success rate captured in gNodeB

Counters

NRCellCU.pmEndcPSCellChangeAttIntraSgnb
NRCellCU.pmEndcPSCellChangeSuccIntraSgnb
NRCellCU.pmEndcPSCellChangeAttInterSgnb
NRCellCU.pmEndcPSCellChangeResAllocReqInterSgnb
NRCellCU.pmEndcPSCellChangeResAllocSuccInterSgnb
NRCellCU.pmEndcPSCellChangeSuccInterSgnb

25 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Basic Feature

Activate Basic Feature

While optional features need to be activated, basic features are activated automatically during node integration. It is possible that
some functions of basic features need to be enabled or configured manually.

Neighbor Cell Relation

• To enable intra-frequency PSCell changes, NR cell relations must be manually configured.

• If the attribute NRCellRelation.isHoAllowed is set to FALSE, the cell is not valid for intra-gNodeB PSCell changes

26 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 19.Q3
Intra-Frequency Inter-gNodeB Mobility in EN-DC with Packet Intra-Frequency Intra-gNodeB Mobility in EN-DC without Packet
Forwarding Forwarding
• This enhancement allows EN-DC-configured UEs to perform • This enhancement allows EN-DC-configured UEs to perform intra-
inter-gNodeB PSCell change for mid-band deployments. gNodeB PSCell change for mid-band deployments.
• This enhancement allows EN-DC-configured UEs with SCG • This enhancement allows EN-DC-configured UEs with SCG resources
resources to perform intra-frequency A3 measurement to perform intra-frequency A3 measurement reporting and intra-gNodeB
reporting and inter-gNodeB PSCell change, if the reported PSCell change, if the reported NR cell has an internal cell relation to the
NR cell has an external cell relation to the currently used currently used PSCell.
PSCell.
Capacity and Performance
Capacity and Performance
• NR-NR Mobility on same frequency to different gNodeB can be
• NR-NR Mobility to different gNodeBs can be triggered on
triggered without relocating the bearer to and from the eNodeB, thereby
the same frequency without relocating the bearer, thereby
reducing NR interruption time and UE signaling.
reducing NR interruption time and UE signaling.
• NR-NR Mobility to different gNodeBs on the same frequency Operation
can be triggered without packet loss. • The enhancement supports intra-frequency intra-gNodeB PSCell change
Operation without packet forwarding triggered by A3 measurement report. The
• The enhancement supports intra-frequency inter-gNodeB PSCell change is performed using the SN Change procedure.
PSCell change with packet forwarding triggered by A3
measurement report. The PSCell change is performed using
the SN Change procedure.

27 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 DL user plane switching
1 Initially, when an SN Terminated Split Bearer is
established (e.g. due to reception of a B1 measurement
report), the downlink user plane uses SCG (NR)
resources. The SCG resources continue to be used while
the NR DL SINR remains acceptable.
2 When the NR DL SINR falls below
NRCellDU.endcDlNrLowQualThresh, an immediate
switch to the MCG (LTE) resources is triggered. This
switch is also triggered if CQI reports are not received
successfully from the UE. Any unsent data is forwarded
to the eNodeB for transmission.
3 Even if the NR DL SINR becomes acceptable again
(above NRCellDU.endcDlNrLowQualThresh +
NRCellDU.endcDlNrQualHyst), a switch back to the
SCG (NR) resources cannot occur until the prohibit timer
expires.
4 When the
GNBCUUPFunction.endcDlNrRetProhibTimer
expires, and if the quality remains acceptable, a switch
back to the SCG (NR) resources is triggered. Any unsent
data is forwarded to the gNodeB for transmission.

28 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 5G Status Icon on UE

• in non-standalone EN-DC the UE is not

always aware whether 5G service is
available, as the UE camps on LTE in idle
mode and the control plane is in LTE in
connected mode
• The criteria for displaying a 5G icon are not
standardized by 3GPP

• Configuration A is the most restrictive and

Configuration D is the most relaxed. States 1
to 5 deal with NR NSA, whereas State 6
deals with NR standalone.

29 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Spectrum migration steps for the 5G network

Simplifying the 5G ecosystem by reducing architecture options

30 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 5G and KPI Workshop – session 2

31 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 QoS Class Identifier
Recommended QCI Mappings for 3GPP 23.203 Rel-15
Resource
QCI Example Services
Type
Mission critical user plane Push-To-Talk
65
Table 3   Recommended QCI, PHB, and DSCP Values voice (for example MCPTT)

Traffic Type Non-mission critical user plane Push-To-

66
Talk voice
Network Synchronization
67 GBR Mission critical video user plane
Routing, Network Control
75 V2X messages
QCI1 - GBR Conversational Voice Discrete Automation (3GPP TS 22.261,
82
QCI2 - GBR Conversational Video (Live Streaming) "small packets")
QCI3 - GBR Real Time Gaming Discrete Automation (3 GPP TS 22.261,
83
"big packets")
QCI4 - GBR Non-Conversational Video (Buffered Streaming)
QCI5 - IMS Signaling Mission critical delay sensitive signalling
69 (for example MC-PTT signalling, MC video
QCI6 - Non-GBR TCP-Specific Services signalling)
QCI7 - Non-GBR Voice/Video/Interactive Gaming
QCI8 - Non-GBR TCP Premium Bearer Mission critical data (example services are
70 Non-GBR
the same as QCI 6/8/9)
QCI9 - Non-GBR TCP Default Bearer
S1AP/X2AP - Inter-Node Signaling 79 V2X messages
O&M Access (including O&M Bulk Data)(1) Low latency eMBB applications (TCP/UDP-
(1) O&M Bulk Data cannot be separated from general O&M Access. Otherwise, 80
based), Augmented Reality
O&M Bulk Data is to be given lower priority.

32 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 A1
LTE measurement report triggering Serving becomes better than threshold
A2
Serving becomes worse than threshold
A3
Neighbour becomes offset better than PCell
A4
Neighbour becomes better than threshold
A5
PCell becomes worse than threshold1 and neighbour becomes better than threshold2
A6
Neighbour becomes offset better than SCell
C1
CSI-RS resource becomes better than threshold
C2
CSI-RS resource becomes offset better than reference CSI-RS resource
B1
Event configuration (36.133) Inter RAT neighbour becomes better than threshold
B2
PCell becomes worse than threshold1 and inter RAT neighbour becomes better than thresh
Event Parameter Range Value
W1
A3, A6, C2 Offset -30 30 -15dB +15dB WLAN becomes better than a threshold
RSRP W2
0 97 -140dBm -44dBm
A1, A2, A4, threshold
A5, B1 RSRQ All WLAN inside WLAN mobility set becomes worse than threshold1 and a WLAN outside W
0 34 -19.5dB -3dB
threshold mobility set becomes better than threshold2
C1 CSI RSRP 0 97 -140dBm -44dBm
W3
UTRA RSCP -5 91 -120dBm -25dBm
All WLAN inside WLAN mobility set becomes worse than a threshold
UTRA EcN0 0 49 -24dB 0dB
B1, B2 V1
GERAN 0 63     The channel busy ratio is above a threshold
CDMA2000 0 63     V2
The channel busy ratio is below a threshold
33 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation
 Basic EN-DC-Triggered Handover during Setup
the cell capability of EN-DC is exchanged between
eNodeBs through the following X2 messages with
private IE:
— X2 SETUP REQUEST
— X2 SETUP RESPONSE
- X2 ENB CONFIGURATION UPDATE

34 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 VoLTE in NR NSA
IMS based voice services are carried over the LTE network. All location information exposed to IMS is based on LTE, as
before.

VoLTE principles remain valid for NR NSA.

The Internet PDN default bearer
(QCI=9) is mapped to a split bearer
if it is allowed for the UE. In this
case, VoLTE works as legacy VoLTE

35 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation VoLTE Setup If Split Bearer Is Not Allowed for the UE
 VoLTE in NR NSA

Split bearer is allowed if all of the following

conditions are met:
• ARP Value of Bearer >
meNodeBS1TermReqArpLev for at least one
bearer
• ARP Value of Bearer >
splitNotAllowedUeArpLev for all bearers
• TTI bundling is not activated for any of the
established bearers
Also, if the NR frequency is low or mid band
(FR1), at least one of the following conditions
must be met:
• The UE is capable of dynamic power sharing
• The parameter
MEASURE THRESHOLD endcSplitAllowedNonDynPwrShUe is true
VoIP Integrity 95 % • The UE has no bearers with serviceType =
Initial E-RAB Establishment Success Rate per QCI 95 % VoIP or PTT
Added E-RAB Establishment Success Rate per QCI 95 %
E-RAB Retainability - Percentage Lost per QCI 5%

36 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Key performance requirements of IMT-2020

37 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Performance requirements for high data rates and traffic densities

38 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 SBA – Service Based Architecture
"Service-Based Architecture" (SBA) framework: "Network Functions" (NFs) rather than by "traditional" Network Entities.

other NF, part of the Application Function (AF),

Control Plane. handling the application(s).

User Equipment (UE) (external) Data Network (DN).

User Plane Function (UPF),

(Radio) Access Network
handling the user data

39 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 5G Core Network

5GC 5G Core
5GCN 5G Core Network
AMF Access and Mobility Management Functions
AUSF Authentication Server Function
BSF Binding Support Function
CHF Charging Functions
NEF Network Exposure Function
NRF Network Repository Function
NSSF Network Slice Selection Function
PCF Policy Control Function
SMF Session Management Function
UDM Unified Data Management
UDR Unified Data Repository
SEPP Security Edge Protection Proxy
LMF Location Management Function
TDF-U Traffic Detection Function –User Plane

40 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 5GC architecture definition

Part of the control plane (upper part of the architecture) are Network Functions
Entire network
- The "Network Repository Function" (NRF) provides support for NF services management including registration, deregistration,
authorization and discovery.
- The Network Exposure Function (NEF) provides external exposure of the capabilities of the network functions: Monitoring, Provisioning,
Application influence of traffic routing and Policy/Charging capability.
- The Unified Data Management (UDM): the 5GC supports Data Storage architecture for Compute and Storage separation. The Unified Data
Repository (UDR) is the master database. The Unstructured Data Storage Function (UDSF) is introduced to store dynamic state data.
- Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF)
- Authentication Server Function (AUSF)
- Policy Control Function (PCF).
And others that handle the UEs' mobility and activities:
- The "Access and Mobility Management Function" (AMF), in charge of the signalling which is not specific to User Data (mobility,
security, etc.). The AMF support UEs with different mobility management needs. Whenever required, mobility can be hidden from the
application layer to avoid interruptions in service delivery.
- The "Session Management Function" (SMF), in charge of the signalling related to User Data traffic (session establishment, etc.).
Together with the AMF, the SMF can support customized mobility management schemes such as "Mobile Initiated Connection Only"
(MICO) or RAN enhancements like "RRC Inactive" state.
41 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation
 Future expected evolution of services in the industry

42 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Next Workshop proposal

• 5G NR Physical Layer:
o Numerology
o Frame structure
o Resource grid
o Slot structure

Other:

o E2E QoS?

44 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Interfaces in the EN-DC Solution

Interface Protocol Description

S1-U connects the user plane traffic between the following network elements:
S1-U GTP/UDP/IP •The eNodeB to EPC
•The gNodeB to EPC

S1-C S1AP/SCPT/IP S1-C connects the control plane signaling between the eNodeB and the EPC.

X2-U GTP/UDP/IP X2-U connects user plane traffic between the eNodeB and the gNodeB.

X2-C X2AP/SCTP/IP X2-C connects control plane signaling between the eNodeB and the gNodeB.

LTE Uu RRC LTE Uu connects the user and control plane between the UE and the eNodeB.

NR Uu RRC NR Uu connects the user plane between the UE and the gNodeB.

45 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 5G NR Physical Layer

46 | Titre de la présentation
Confidentiel
 5G/NR - MAC
NR MAC function and LTE MAC function

At high level view, NR MAC function/operation is very similar to LTE MAC function/operation

  5G/NR(38.321) LTE(36.321)
Services •data transfer •data transfer
provided to upper layers •radio resource allocation •radio resource allocation
•mapping between logical channels and transport channels •mapping between logical channels and transport channels;
•multiplexing of MAC SDUs •multiplexing of MAC SDUs
•demultiplexing of MAC SDUs •demultiplexing of MAC SDUs
•scheduling information reporting; •scheduling information reporting
•error correction through HARQ; •error correction through HARQ
•logical channel prioritisation. •priority handling between UEs
MAC Functions •priority handling between logical channels of one MAC
entity
•Logical Channel prioritisation
•transport format selection
•radio resource selection for SL

•data transfer services; •data transfer services;

•signalling of HARQ feedback; •signalling of HARQ feedback;
Services •signalling of Scheduling Request; •signalling of Scheduling Request;
expected from physical layer •measurements (e.g. Channel Quality Indication (CQI)). •measurements (e.g. Channel Quality Indication (CQI)).

47
 5G/NR - MAC
Channel Mapping at MAC Layer

most of channels from Logical channel to Transport channel is one-to-

one or many-to-one relation, but in BCCH case it maps to BCH and
DL-SCH.
- some BCCH data maps to BCH and some BCCH data maps to DL-
SCH.  
- there are largely two types of BCCH in LTE. One is MIB and the
others are SIBs. MIB goes through BCCH-BCH path and SIBs go
through BCCH-DL SCH path. NR would use the same pattern of
channel mapping.
 
DL-SCH: carries user data, SIB, Mapped to the PDSCH
UL-SCH: carries user data, Same structure as DL, Mapped to the
PUSCH
PDSCH is Highly configurable, parameters are configured by DCI (DL
Control information) and RRC.

48 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Comparison of MAC PDU / Headers between NR and LTE
in NR MAC subheaders are located right in front of
corresponding SDU(Payload).

In other words, in LTE MAC Subheader and

corresponding data are located in different region, but in
NR MAC subheader and corresponding data(payload) are
in the same region sitting next to each other.
NR does not require 'E' field since one subheader is
located right in front of the corresponding payload.
There is no case where multiple headers are sitting next
to each other.

In LTE, all the MAC subheaders

are located at the beginning of
a MAC PDU

49 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Waveform, Numerology and Frame Structure

• Waveform (for eMBB/URLLC and low and mid band - <52.6 GHz)
5G issue table
o DL Waveform: CP – OFDM ( OFDM with Cyclic Prefix)
o Decreases the guard band for the waveform -> no 90% bandwidth occupancy limitation as in LTE
o UL Waveform: CP-OFDM + DFt-s-OFDM(SC-OFDM)
o CP-OFDM targeted at High throughput scenarios
o DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

• Multiple Access
o Orthogonal Multiple Access

• Bandwidth
o Maximum CC bandwidth is 400 MHz
o Maximum number of subcarriers is 3300
o Maximum number of CCs is 16

50
 Numerology Definition
Waveform, Numerology and Frame Structure

• Scalable subcarrier spacing

Δ𝑓=·15𝑘𝐻𝑧
• NR support multiple different types of subcarrier spacing
• Parameters defining a numerology:
o Subcarrier spacing (i.e. µ parameter)
o Cyclic prefix (i.e. Normal/Extended)

µ Δf = 2µ·15 kHz Cyclic Prefix

Sync 0 15 kHz Normal
< 6 GHz 1 30 kHz Normal Data < 6 GHz
2 60 kHz Normal, Extended
3 120 kHz Normal Data > 6 GHz
Sync
> 6 GHz 4 240 kHz Normal
5 480 kHz Normal SSB only: No Data

SSB: Synchronization signaling block Specified but

51 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

not supported in Rel-15
 Numerology Example (Normal CP)

• Each symbol length (including CP) of 15 kHz equals the sum of the corresponding 2 µ symbols at Fs
• Other than the first OFMD symbol in every 0.5 ms, all symbols within 0.5 ms have the same length

Slot length gets different depending on numerology. The general tendency is that slot length gets shorter as subcarrier spacing gets wider. 
Cyclic prefix for the 1st OFDM symbol of a slot is longer then the CP of the next 6 symbols.
OFDM symbols align regularly

52 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Frame Structure

• Frame: 10 ms
• Subframe: Reference period of 1 ms
• Slot (slot based scheduling)
o 14 OFDM symbols
o One possible scheduling unit
o Slot aggregation allowed
o Slot length scales with the subcarrier spacing
o 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ=1𝑚𝑠/2𝜇

• Mini-Slot (non-slot based scheduling)

o 7, 4 or 2 OFDM symbols
o Minimum scheduling unit

In TDD, downlink and uplink are transmitted on the same frequency. The resources are divided in time on symbol level.

53 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Variable Subcarrier Spacing

54 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Slot Structure

• A Slot can be
o All DL
o All UL
o Mixed DL/UL
o Static, semi-static or dynamic

• Slot aggregation is supported

o Data transmission can be scheduled to span one or multiple slots

55 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Mini-Slot Use Cases

• Support of very low latency (i.e. part of URLLC)

• Support of finer TDM granularity of scheduling for

the same/different UEs within a slot

o Especially if TRxP uses beam-sweeping (e.g. above 6GHz)

• NR-LTE co-existence (e.g. using LTE MBSFN

subframes for NR)

• Forward compatibility towards unlicensed spectrum

operation

56 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Frame Structure

• Not all supported numerologies are relevant

to all frequency bands.

Frequency range SCS option

FR1<1GHz 15, 30 kHz

FR1>1GHz 15, 30, 60 kHz

FR2 60,120 kHz

57 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Resource Grid
Resource Elements

• Resource Element: smallest physical resource

• Resource elements are grouped into Physical Resource Blocks (PRB)

• Each PRB consists of 12 subcarriers

58 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Resource Grid
Carrier and Resource Grid

The physical dimension (i.e, subcarrier spacing, number of OFDM

symbols within a radio frame) varies in NR depending on numerology.

For each numerology, one carrier is defined

A carrier is characterized by: subcarrier spacing, number of RB, starting
resource
Each carrier corresponds to a resource Grid
–The resource grids for all subcarrier spacing are overlapped

59 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 • The maximum and minimum number of Resource blocks for downlink and uplink is defined as below (this is different from LTE)

• Minimum and maximum number of resource blocks.

the maximum RF bandwidth that a UE / gNB need to

support for single carrier.

60 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 Synchronization Signal Block (SSB)

Synchronization Signal Block

(SSB)

Broadcast Channel
Primary Secondary (BCH) and DMRS
Synchronization Synchronization Contains the MIB=
Sequence (PSS) Sequence (SSS) Master Information
One of 3 possible One of 336 possible Block
sequences sequences Includes basic
Provides timing Provides cell Id ( one of information to take next
estimates 3* 336=1008) steps: Decodes SIB1
(System Information
Block)

• SSB helps with initial synchronization

• 4 OFDM symbols by 240 subcarriers
• Sent in bursts
• Used for synchronization, cell search, and initial beamforming

61 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 PSS and SSS: Difference with LTE

• Different sequences
• 127 long
• More SSS
• 336 vs 168 pairs of 2 SSS
• Scheduling
• Always sent with BCH
• Repetition interval not necessarily 5 ms
• One SSS per cell ID as opposed to SSS pairs
• Beamforming possible

62 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation

 LTE vs NR

63 Confidentiel | Titre de la présentation