Operations on Sets

and Venn Diagram

1. The Union of Sets

Let A and B be sets. The union of the sets A and B,

denoted by A U B, is the set that contains those
elements that are either in A or in B, or in both.
 U = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 , 10}
A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
B = { 1, 3, 5, 6, 7} C = { 3, 8, 9, 10}

A U B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
B U C = {1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 10}
2. The Intersection of Sets
Let A and B be sets. The intersection of the
sets A and B, denoted by A ∩ B, is the set
containing those elements in both A and B.
 U = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 , 10}
A = { 1, 2, 4, 5}
B = { 1, 3, 5, 6, 7} C = { 3, 8, 9, 10}

A B = {1, 5}
B C= {3}
A C= { }
3. The Complement of a Set
The complement of a set A, written as A’, is
the set of all elements found in the universal
set, U, that are not found in set A.
 U = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
A = { 1, 2, 4, 5}
B = { 1, 3, 5, 6, 7} C = { 3, 8, 9, 10}

A’ = {3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
B’ = { 2, 4, 8, 9, 10 }
C’ = { 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 }
4. The Difference of Sets
The difference of two sets, written A - B is
the set of all elements of A that are not
elements of B.
 U = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
A = { 1, 2, 4, 5}
B = { 1, 3, 5, 6, 7} C = { 3, 8, 9, 10}

A - B = {2, 4}
B - A = { 3, 6, 7}
B – C = { 1, 5, 6, 7 }
Operations on Sets
and Venn Diagram
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
A = {1, 3, 5, 7} C = {1, 2, 7, 8}
B = {2, 4, 6, 8} D = {2, 3, 4, 5, 8}

Find (A U B) C.

A U B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
C = {1, 2, 7, 8}
(A U B) C = {1, 2, 7, 8}
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
A = {1, 3, 5, 7} C = {1, 2, 7, 8}
B = {2, 4, 6, 8} D = {2, 3, 4, 5, 8}

Find (D - C) B’.
D - C = {3, 4, 5}
B’ = {1, 3, 5, 7}
(D - C) B’ = {1, 3, 4, 5, 7}
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
A = {1, 3, 5, 7} C = {1, 2, 7, 8}
B = {2, 4, 6, 8} D = {2, 3, 4, 5, 8}

Find (A .
A C= {1, 7}
(A C)’ = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8}
D = {2, 3, 4, 5, 8}
(A C)’ - D = { 6 }
Operations on Sets
and Venn Diagram
 Example 1:
The Venn Diagram shows the number of students who
enjoyed eating pansit (P) and/or spaghetti (S).
1. Find the number of students who enjoyed
eating pansit. 40 + 25 = 65
2. How many students enjoyed eating spaghetti?
25 + 35 = 60

3. How many students enjoyed eating pansit but not

spaghetti?
40
4. How many students enjoyed eating pansit or
spaghetti?
40 + 25 + 35 = 100
5. How many students enjoyed eating pansit and
spaghetti?
25
 Example 2:
The Venn Diagram shows the number of
learners who like studying Math, Science, and
English.
U S
3
4 3
5
7 8 2
M E
6
 U S
3
4 3
5
7 8 2
M E
6
1. Find the number of learners who like studying
all three subjects.
5
2. How many students like studying Math and
English?
5 + 8 = 13
 U S
3
4 3
5
7 8 2
M E
6
3. How many students like studying Science and
English? 5+3 =8
4. Find the number of students who like studying
Math or Science.
7 + 8 + 4 + 5 + 3 + 3 = 30
 U S
3
4 3
5
7 8 2
M E
6

5. Find the number of learners who like studying

Math only. 7
6. How many students like studying Math and
Science but not English?
4
 U S
3
4 3
5
7 8 2
M E
6
7. Find the number of learners who does not like
any of the three subjects.
6
8. How many students are there in the class?
7 + 8 + 4 + 5 + 3 + 3 + 2 + 6 = 38
Example 3
One hundred ten Grade 10 students from
Maligaya High School are interviewed if they are
willing to join either volleyball (V) or basketball
(B) in the upcoming sports fest. The data show
the results of the survey

55 are willing to join Volleyball

77 are willing to join Basketball
33 are willing to join Volleyball and Basketball
 Using a Venn Diagram, answer the
following:
Questions:
a. How many students are willing to join volleyball only?
b. How many students are willing to join basketball only?
c. How many students are willing to join basketball or
volleyball?
d. How many students are willing to join basketball and
volleyball?
e. How many students are wiling to join neither basketball
nor volleyball?
One hundred ten Grade 10 students from Maligaya High
School are interviewed if they are willing to join either
volleyball (V) or basketball (B) in the upcoming sports fest. The
data show the results of the survey

55 are willing to join U V B

Volleyball
77 are willing to join
22 33 44
Basketball
33 are willing to join
11
Volleyball and
Basketball
77- 33 = 44
55- 33 = 22
22 + 33 + 44 = 99
110 – 99 = 11
Questions:
a. How many students are willing to join volleyball only?22
b. How many students are willing to join basketball only?44
c. How many students are willing to join basketball or
volleyball? 22 + 33 + 44 = 99
d. How many students are willing to join basketball and
volleyball? 33
e. How many students are wiling to join neither basketball
nor volleyball? 11
 Example 4:
In a survey of 160 people, the following data were obtained:
64 owned dogs,
94 owned cats,
58 owned birds,
28 owned dogs and birds,
26 owned dogs and cats,
22 owned cats and birds
14 owned all these kinds of animals.

1. Find the number of people who owned dogs only?cats

only?birds only?
2. How many people did not own any of these animals?
 Example 4: 60+8+12+14+24+14+22 =154
In a survey of 160 people, 160 – 154 = 6
the following data were
obtained: U D
64 owned dogs, 24
94 owned cats,
58 owned birds, 12 14
14 6
28 owned dogs and birds,
26 owned dogs and cats, 60 8 22
22 owned cats and birds C B
14 owned all these kinds of
animals
22 – 14 = 8 28 – 14 = 14
26 – 14 = 12 58 – 36 = 22
94 – 34 = 60 64 – 40 = 24
 1. Find the number of people who owned dogs
only?cats only?birds only?
Owners of Dogs Only - 24 Owners of Birds Only - 22
Owners of Cats Only - 60
2. How many people did not own any of these
animals?
6