Lesson 3

1 Global Interstate System

2 Effects of Globalization on
Governments

3 Institutions Governing International

Relations
4 Internationalism vs
Globalism
State
- i s a c o m m u n i t y o f p e o p l e , t e r r i t o r y,
s o v e r e i g n t y, a n d g o v e r n m e n t . S o v e r e i g n t y i s
the internal and external power of the state to
transact its own business and that makes the
state independent from other states. In the
absence of one element, a state cease to exist
and such may be called a "nation".
Interstate

A system of unequally powerful and competing states In

which no single states is capable of imposing control
on all others, These states are in interaction with one
another in a set of shifting alliance and wars and
change in relatives power of states upsets any
temporary set of alliances, leading to a restructuring of
b a l a n c e o f p o w e r.
Global Interstate System

It is the whole system of human

interactions. The modern world-system is
structured politically as an interstate
system – a system of competing and
allying states.
 Positive Effects of Globalization on Governments

• Communication

• Education

• Different fore issues

• Culture

• Resources

• Investments

• Competition

•
Communication

The number of internet

users are rapidly
increasing thus allowing
us to have a faster and
convinient way of
communication.
Education

The new communication and

technologies enabled the
students, teachers, and
researchers, both young and
old, to access ideas and
information from the best
libraries around the globe.
Different fore issues

Through an
increased media
coverage almost
everyone is
made aware of
the rights of
woman and
children, health,
environment,
discrimination
and inequalities.
lture

Clear and deeper

understanding of the different
communities with their
practices and religions is
greater than before .
Resources
There is a growing interdepence
among countries since developed
countries need natural and human
resources while developing
countries need capital, technology
and brainpower.
Investments

Developed countries flow

investments to developing
countries which pushes up
the reserve of foreign
exchange.
Competition

Through globalization every

global corporation as well as
domestic corporation will
improve the quality of their
product and services to compete
globally, resulting a survival of
the fittest situation.
 Negative Effects of Globalization
by Gazleh(2001)

Culture

The scientific and economic

superiority of developed countries
imposing certain languages
particularly in English.

In Developing Countries In Religion

Although developing countries contributed a lot in Exchange of information on different
the system, they do not yield benefits from such opinions about various religions are made
contribution. Global corporations have the tendency
to cause damage to the environment of these
easier by globalization, however the
countries in addition to dangerously marketing religious values lose their influence on
expired products and illegal goods. people's behaviours due to the promotion
of pure secular system values.
 Negative Effects of Globalization
by Gazleh(2001)

In Morals
Immoral acts are not only globalized but
also becoming a disease. With the use of
internet, young people can have direct
access to immortal materials.

International Politics In Economy

The collapse of some countries like the Soviet
Union has led powerful countries like the US to
control the global system and international Many national economics collapsed
relations. This opens to a lot of opportunities for due to the emergence of global
developed countries to defend their own corporations that offer cheaper
national interests globally, ignoring the role of
products and services. It has led to
the United Nations and the international law.
flactuation in price.
 In Science

Although globalization remarkably contributes to

new scientific revolutions in many fields,
especially in space and computer sciences, these
new revolutions paved the way to be used for
immoral purposes and to damage the dignity of
man who is created by God including the
environment. Genetically modified organisms
(GMO) and cloning emerged under the Genetic
Engineering Science which violates the laws of
nature.
Conclusion

The current globalization process does not

appear to assure social, economic, or
p o l i t i c a l s t a b i l i t y. H u m a n b e i n g s e n c o u n t e r
s i g n i fi c a n t c h a l l e n g e s . T h e y m u s t d e a l w i t h
the issues at hand because they are the most
a ff e c t e d . I t i s t h e i r m o r a l r e s p o n s i b i l i t y a n d
accountability to create a better life for
themselves. Indeed, people should globalize
themselves within the realm of moral values
in order to create a just and equitable
society in which to dwell.
 Institutions Governing International Relations

 International institutions are an essential component of

modern international relations. They are the focal point of
global policymaking initiatives. These are organizations
with a global membership, scope, or presence.

 Institutions Governing International Relations are classified

under:
• Generalist Interstate Organizations
• International Legal Bodies
• Economic Institutions
• Regional Security Arrangements
The generalist inter-state organizations are made up of many
nations, all of which have the same goals and objectives.
Economic institutions are agencies or foundations that produce
and distribute commodities and services that are crucial to the
country's economy. While international legal authorities uphold
international law in order to safeguard global peace and order.
While regional security arrangements are defined as political,
regional, or global security arrangements with the clear
understanding that the security of one is the concern of all, and
so commits to a collective response to threats to and breaches
of peace. As discussed, these are international non-
governmental organizations(INGO's) and intergovernmental
organization (IGO's).
 Generalist Economic Interrnational Regional Security
Interstate Institutions Legal Bodies Arrangements
Organization
 United Nations  Asian  Human Rights  Collective
 Organization of Development Committee Security Treaty
Islamic Bank  .International Organization
Cooperation  International Criminal Court  North Atlantic
Monetary Fund Treaty
 World Trade Organization
Organization (NATO)
Internationalism
Vs
Globalism
Internationalism is the cooperation
of nations in political, economic,
and cultural aspects for the
common good, prioritizing the
interests of the entire world over
individual nations' interests in cross-
border trade.
Internationalism can be categorized into three
types:

hegemonic internationalism, which favors one

country over another, and

liberal internationalism, which advocates for a

global system of nations working together to
prevent lawlessness, as exemplified by Spain's
colonization of the Philippines and Immanuel
Kant's belief.
Revolutionary internationalism
posits that conflicts in society stem
from international factors and
alliances, with nation-states acting on
their own accord, as seen in the
French Revolution and American
protest against the Vietnam War.
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels,
German philosophers, recognized the
socialist-working class movement as
internationalist, dividing the world into
capitalist and socialist classes. This
created socialist internationalism, where
working class nations united against
capitalist oppression.
Globalism and globalization are
distinct concepts, with globalism
referring to the network of
nation-states, while globalization
focuses on changes in economic,
military, environmental, and
social dimensions.
Economic globalism involves long-
distance trade of goods, services,
capital, and information, while
environmental globalism involves
distant transportation of materials
affecting human health, and military
globalism deploys force.
The Cold War's "balance of terror" and 9/11's
attack on the Twin Towers demonstrate
military globalization. Afghanistan's
globalism has declined, while social and
cultural globalization involves information,
ideas, and people. The Internet drives these
movements, and globalism is complex and
constantly evolving. Stakeholders strive to
understand and manage these processes, as
globalism continues to evolve.
 Lesson 4
Contemporary Global Governance
 Contemporary Global Governance

The Government which is an instrumentality

through the will of the people is expressed,
formulated and realized.

Governance, it is being run and managed by the

people who are in the government. They may
involved in solving certain issues or problems
that leading to the creation, reinforcement of
production of norms and institusion.
They may also undertaken by a
market, networking, or over a social
system.

It is a broader term refering to how

to solve a problems that are faces in
any society, whether in community
national or global level.
Governance is neccessary when Nation-states
agreed to come together and cooperate with a
common goal of peace and posterity.

Global Governance, it is a movement among

transnational actors towards political
cooperation aimed to solve issues or
problems that are affect more than one state
or region.
Each state has a dependent
governance of which other state
connot and should not control.
*Institution are created, to
negotiate and enforce
compliance of the agreed norms
set forth.
ROLES AND
FUNCTIONS OF THE
UNITED NATIONS
UNITED NATIONS

- Most prominent international institution established.

- It is intergovernmental that promotes international
cooperation,and creates and maintains international order.
- It replaces the ineffective League of Nations and was
established after world war 2 on October 24, 1945 to prevent
another global conflict.
- When un founded it had 50 member states,but then now it
has 193 member states and two observer states.
The UN (United Nations) has six organs:

1.General Assembly- Is the policy making,main deliberative, and

representative organ.
2. Security Council- Decides certain policies for peace and security.
3. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)- Promotes international social
and economic cooperation and development.
4. Secretariat- Provides facilities, information, and studies needed by the
UN (united nations)
5. International Court of justice- the primary judicial organ.
6. UN Trusteeship Council- which became inactive since 1994.
 Specific Roles of the Principal Organs

UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY

- may deliberate and settle relating to maintaining the

peace and security and make recommendations to nation-
states or suggestions to the Security Council (UNSC);
determines on admittance of new members proposed by
the UNSC; adopts the budget; and elects all members of
ECOSOC, the non- permanent members of the UNSC, the
UN Secretary General as recommended by the UNSC, and
the 15 judges of the International Court of Justice
(ICJ).There is one vote for each country.
 Specific Roles of the Principal Organs

UN SECRETARIAT

- supports the other UN bodies administratively

(e.g, organizing of conference, writing of reports
and studies, and preparing of the budget). The
chairperson, who is also the UN's foremost
representative is the Secretary General, elected
for a five-year mandated by the General
Assembly.
 Specific Roles of the Principal Organs

International Court of Justice

- decides disputes between states which

observe it's jurisdiction; issues legal opinions;
and renders judgement by relative majority.
The 15 judges are elected for nine-year terms
by the General Assembly.
 Specific Roles of the Principal Organs

UN SECURITY COUNCIL

- responsible in maintaining the

international peace and security; and may
adopt compulsory resolutions. It has 15
members on which five of them are
permanent with veto power and 10 are
elected members.
 Specific Roles of the Principal Organs

UN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL

- responsible for cooperation between states

with regard to economic and social matters;
and coordinates cooperation between the UN's
numerous specialized agencies. The Council
has 54 elected members by the General
Assembly to serve staggered three-year
mandates.
 Specific Roles of the Principal Organs

UN TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL

- originally programmed to manage

colonized countries which were former
mandates of League of Nations. Since
1994, it has been inactive when the last
territory, Palau, attained independence.
CHALLENGES OF
GLOBAL
GOVERNANCE IN
THE 21st CENTURY
The United Nations faces numerous
challenges due to its voluntary cooperation
with states. Weiss (2015) identified five global
governance gaps: knowledge, normative,
policy, initiativeal, and compliance. The UN's
relationship with these gaps is explored
through case studies of pressing issues like
terrorism, nuclear proliferation,
humanitarian crises, and HIV/AIDS.
The UN faces challenges in knowledge, normative, policy,
institutional, and compliance gaps in addressing global
issues such as terrorism, nuclear proliferation,
humanitarian crises, development aid, climate change,
human rights, and HIV/AIDS. Knowledge is a valuable
core asset, enabling cooperation among member states.
The UN's normative role involves member-states
reviewing and reforming their norms and practices, while
institutional gaps involve failures in effective mechanisms
to ensure law enforcement. Compliance gaps involve
countries' inability to effectively implement and enforce
international policy.
State Relevance
Amid
Globalization
 Globalization

also creates a sense of interdependence

among nations, which could create an
imbalance of power among nations of
different economic strengths. The role of
the nation-state in a global world is
largely a regulatory one as the chief
factor in global interdependence.
 STATE
-derived from the word "status".
It is a distinctive political
community with its own set of
rules and practices and that is
more or less separate from other
communities.
 STATE POPULATION

People make and use resources. They are also

considered as resources having different
quality. Population (total number of persons
inhabiting a particular place like city, state,
country etc.) is the central element in social
studies. It is the point of reference from which
all other elements are observed.
 POPULATION TERRITORY

State is a territorial unit. Definite territory

is its essential component. A State cannot
exist in the air or at sea. The size of the
territory of a State can be big or small;
nevertheless it has to be a definite, well-
marked portion of territory.
 GOVERNMENT

There can be no state without

government. Government is the working
agency of the state. It is the political
organization of the state. In order to make
and enforce laws, the state must have the
highest authority.
 SOVEREIGNTY

It means supreme and final legal authority above

and beyond which no legal power exists. It has
two aspects:

Internal - means that the state is supreme over

all its citizen and association

External - means the state is independent and

free from outside control.
 NATION

-derived from the Latin word "natio"

which means birth or race. It refers
to a people rather than any kind of
formal territorial boundaries or
institution. It is a collective identity
grounded on a notion of shared
history and culture.
 SELF-DETERMINATION

Self-determination, the process by which a group of

people, usually possessing a certain degree of
national consciousness, form their own state and
choose their own government. Self determination is
the right of all peoples/nations in international
human rights law. They are entitled to rule
themselves through the laws and governmental
apparatus of their own independent state, an
entitlement which presupposes a right to secede
from an existing state.
 NATION-STATE

A nation state is a state in which a great

majority shares the same culture and is
conscious of it. The nation state is an
ideal in which cultural boundaries
match up with political boundaries.
 ROLE

The role of the nation-state in globalization is a complex

one in part due to the varying definitions and shifting
concepts of globalization. While it has been defined in
many ways, globalization is generally recognized as the
fading or complete disappearance of economic, social,
and cultural borders between nation-states. Some
scholars have theorized that nation-states, which are
inherently divided by physical and economic
boundaries, will be less relevant in a globalized world.
MAJOR SOURCES OF COLLECTIVE INSECURITY

• Terrorism
• Economic Globalization
• Threats to national identity
• Spread of global diseases
 RELATED POINT

It would be a mistake simply "to see

globalization as a threat to, a constraint
on, the nation-state; it can also be an
opportunity for the nation-state"