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Section 1.6 Transformation of Functions

The document discusses various transformations of graphs of functions, including: - Vertical and horizontal shifts, which move a graph up/down or left/right by adding/subtracting a constant - Reflections, which flip a graph across the x- or y-axis - Stretching/shrinking, which multiply the x- or y-values by a constant factor - Combinations of these transformations can be used to transform one function graph into another.

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120 views43 pages

Section 1.6 Transformation of Functions

The document discusses various transformations of graphs of functions, including: - Vertical and horizontal shifts, which move a graph up/down or left/right by adding/subtracting a constant - Reflections, which flip a graph across the x- or y-axis - Stretching/shrinking, which multiply the x- or y-values by a constant factor - Combinations of these transformations can be used to transform one function graph into another.

Uploaded by

davogezu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Section 1.

6 Transformation of Functions

Graphs of Common Functions

Reciprocal Function
y 4

f ( x) =

1 x
x

Domain: ( -,0 ) ( 0, ) Range: ( -,0 ) ( 0, ) Odd function Decreasing on ( -,0 ) and ( 0, )

Vertical Shifts

Vertical Shifts Let f be a function and c be a positive real number. The graph of y = f ( x ) + c is the graph of y = f ( x ) shifted c units vertically upward. The graph of y = f ( x ) c is the graph of y = f ( x ) shifted c units vertically downward.

Vertical Shifts

Example Use the graph of f(x)=|x| to obtain g(x)=|x|-2


y 4

x 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5

Horizontal Shifts

Horizontal Shifts Let f be a function and c a positive real number. The graph of y = f ( x + c ) is the graph of y = f ( x ) shifted to the left c units. The graph of y = f ( x c ) is the graph of y = f ( x ) shifted to the right c units.

Horizontal Shifts

Example Use the graph of f(x)=x2 to obtain g(x)=(x+1)2


y 4

x 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5

Combining Horizontal and Vertical Shifts

Example Use the graph of f(x)=x2 to obtain g(x)=(x+1)2+2


y 4

x 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5

Reflections of Graphs

Refection about the x-Axis The graph of y = f ( x ) is the graph of y = f ( x ) reflected about the x-axis.

Reflections about the x-axis

Reflection about the y-Axis The graph of y = f ( x ) is the graph of y = f ( x ) reflected about y - axis.

Example Use the graph of f(x)=x3 to obtain the graph of g(x)= (-x)3.
y 4 3

x 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5

Example

Use the graph of f(x)= x to graph g(x)=- x


y 4

x 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5

Vertical Stretching and Shrinking

Vertically Shrinking

Vertically Stretching

y 4

Graph of f(x)=x3

Graph of g(x)=3x3

y 4

x x 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4

This is vertical stretching each y coordinate is multiplied by 3 to stretch the graph.

Example Use the graph of f(x)=|x| to graph g(x)= 2|x|


y 4

x 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5

Horizontal Stretching and Shrinking

Horizontal Shrinking

Horizontal Stretching

Example

Use the graph of f(x)= x to obtain the 1 graph of g(x)= x 3


y 4 3

x 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5

Sequences of Transformations

A function involving more than one transformation can be graphed by performing transformations in the following order: 1. Horizontal shifting 2. Stretching or shrinking 3. Reflecting 4. Vertical shifting

Summary of Transformations

A Sequence of Transformations
Starting graph. Move the graph to the left 3 units Stretch the graph vertically by 2. Shift down 1 unit.

Example

1 Given the graph of f(x) below, graph f (x 1). 2


y 4 3

x 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5

Example

Given the graph of f(x) below, graph - f ( x + 2) 1.


y 4

x 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5

Example

Given the graph of f(x) below, graph 2f ( x) 1.

f ( x) = x

1 x 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Use the graph of f(x)= x to graph g(x)= -x.


4 5

The graph of g(x) will appear in which quadrant?


6

(a) Quadrant I (b) Quadrant II (c) Quadrant III (d) Quadrant IV

g(x)
x

1 1

10

Write the equation of the given graph g(x). The original function was f(x) =x2
6 7

2 (a) g ( x) = ( x + 4) 3

g ( x) = ( x 4) 2 3 (b) g ( x) = ( x + 4) 2 + 3 (c) g ( x) = ( x 4) 2 + 3 (d)

1 x 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

g(x)

Write the equation of the given graph g(x). The original function was f(x) =|x| (a) g ( x ) = x 4 (b) g ( x ) = x 4 (c) g ( x ) = x + 4 (d) g ( x ) = x 4

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