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What Is Motivation?: Anything That Affects Behavior in Pursuit of A Certain Outcome

1) Major motivation theories can be classified into content theories, which focus on needs, and process theories, which examine how needs direct behavior. 2) Content theories include Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, Herzberg's two-factor theory, and McClelland's acquired needs theory. 3) Process theories examine how needs direct behavior and include equity theory, expectancy theory, and goal-setting theory. Reinforcement theory also examines how consequences shape behavior.

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52 views27 pages

What Is Motivation?: Anything That Affects Behavior in Pursuit of A Certain Outcome

1) Major motivation theories can be classified into content theories, which focus on needs, and process theories, which examine how needs direct behavior. 2) Content theories include Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, Herzberg's two-factor theory, and McClelland's acquired needs theory. 3) Process theories examine how needs direct behavior and include equity theory, expectancy theory, and goal-setting theory. Reinforcement theory also examines how consequences shape behavior.

Uploaded by

Mary Christine Batongbakal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Motivation?

Anything that affects behavior in pursuit of a certain outcome

Major Motivation Theories


Classification of Motivation Theories 1. Content motivation theories
Specific Motivation Theory a. Hierarchy of needs theory b. Two-factor theory c. Acquired needs theory

2. Process motivation theories

a. Equity theory b. Expectancy theory c. Goal-setting theory Type of Reinforcement a. Positive b. Avoidance c. Extinction d. Punishment

3. Reinforcement theory

What are Content Motivation Theories?


Focus on explaining and predicting behavior based on peoples needs

3 Content Motivation Theories


Hierarchy of Needs

Acquired Needs
Two-Factor

What is a Hierarchy of Needs Theory?


Proposes that people are motivated through levels of needs which begin a basic life sustaining needs and progress to life and work satisfaction needs

Proposed by Abraham Maslow Often portrayed in the shape of a pyramid According to Maslow, lower needs take priority. They must be fulfilled before the others are activated.

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

SelfActualization

Esteem Social
Safety

Physiological

What is Two-Factor Theory


Developed and data collected by Frederick Herzberg. States that there are factors in the work place that cause job satisfaction while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction.

Two- Factor Theory distinguish between:


Motivators that give satisfaction arising from intrinsic conditions of the job itself.

Hygiene factors- do not give positive satisfaction, though dissatisfaction results from this absence. These are extrinsic to the work itself.

Acquired Needs Theory


(employees are motivated by their need for:)

Affiliation

Power Achievement

Showed by David McClelland Human behavior is affected by his needs.

According to this Theory, needs are classified as:


1. Achievers want to excel and would prefer timely recognition of their efforts.

2. Affiliation Seekers want peaceful relationships with their surrounding people.


3. Power Seeker their need is power. They exercise control over others to achieve their objectives.

What are Process Motivation Theories?


why peoples need changed How and why people choose to satisfy those needs in different ways

What is the Equity Theory of Motivation?


Developed by John Stacey Adams Attempts to explain relational satisfaction in terms of perceptions of fair/unfair distributions of resources with in interpersonal relationships.

(proposed that employees are motivated when their perceived inputs equal outputs.) Our inputs

(contributions)

Others input (contributions)

Our outcomes (rewards)

= Others outcomes (rewards)

What is the Expectancy Theory of Motivation?


Proposed by Victor Vroom proposes that employees are motivated when they believe they can accomplish the task and the rewards for doing so are worth the effort.

3 Components in Expectancy Theory


1. Expectancy belief about ability to do the task 2. Instrumentality the belief a reward will be forthcoming

3. Valence the value the individual places on the reward.

What is the Goal-setting Theory of Motivation?


By Edwin Locke Proposes that specific, difficult goals motivate people

2 Types of Goals
1. Directional Goal one where we just strive to achieve the final goal somehow. 2. Accuracy One tries to come out with the best possible solution to the problem.

What is Reinforcement Theory?


Based on the studies of B.F. Skinner.

Is the process of shaping behavior by controlling the consequences of the behavior.

1. Positive Reinforcement Result when the occurrence of a valued behavioral consequence has the effect of strengthening the probability of the behavior being repeated.

2. Negative Reinforcement/Avoidance results when an undesirable behavioral consequence is withheld with the effect strengthening the probability of the behavior being repeated.

3. Punishment attempt to decrease the probability of specific behaviors being exhibited.

4. Extinction Similar to punishment in that the purpose is to reduce unwanted behavior.

Motivating with Reinforcement

Set clear objectives Employees must understand what is expected Use appropriate rewards Must be seen as rewards Use the appropriate reinforcement schedule Do not reward unworthy performance Look for the positive Give sincere praise Do things for your employees

Give Sincere Praise


People will know if you mean it Praise Model (Person to Person)

Tell what was done well Tell why it is important Take a moment of silence Encourage continued good work

Learn to give praise easily


It is an effective and inexpensive motivational tool

Thank You

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