UNIFYING THEMES IN THE STUDY

OF LIFE

Prepared by: Group 15

OBJECTIVES:
1. Identify the different themes in studying of life.

2. Discuss the unifying theme of life.

3. Classify each theme in studying of life.

HIGH DEGREE OF
ORGANIZATION
 Living organisms are known to be organized and follow
hierarchical level from the scale of small to large. Atom is
the smallest and the basic unit of matter which consists of
nucleus and surrounded by electrons. When an atom
combines it forms a molecule. In Biology, macromolecules
or large molecules are important, an example of
macromolecules is the DNA or deoxyribonucleic Acid.
 LEVELS OF BIOLOGICAL
ORGANIZATION
 Atom- the smallest and the basic unit of matter.
 Simple molecule- Atoms form a simple molecule in which
the chemical structures consists of at least two atoms.
 Complex biological molecule- a large molecule that is
typically formed by polymerization. There are four types:
carbohydrates, protein, lipids and nucleic acid.
 Organelles- tiny cellular structure within the cell that
performs a specific function.
 Cell- the basic and smallest unit of life.
 Tissue- A group of similar cells.
 Organ- a group of different tissue that performs a specific
function.
 Organ system- a group of different organs performing
different functions.
 Multicellular individual- an organism that composed of
organ system. Animals, plants, fungi and humans.
 Population- a group of similar organisms occupying the
same area.
 Community- a group of different population interacting
with each other.
 Ecosystem- a group of communities interacting with their
physical factors.
 Biosphere- refers to all Ecosystems on Earth with the
physical environment.
EVOLUTIONARY
ADAPTATION/ EVOLUTION
AND ADAPTATION
Evolution – refers to the changes of living things over time
and explains how organisms came to exist and look the way
they are. It is also relates the organisms to the past to the
organisms today.
THE TWO INTERRELATED
PHENOMENA:
Adaptation- refers to the response or reaction to a stimulus
that helps the organisms survive in a specific environment.

Speciation- a certain group within a species separates and

develops a unique characteristics.
REGULATIONS AND
HOMEOSTASIS
 Homeostasis- refers to a maintain, a stable internal
condition and to adjust external changes.

 Osmoregulation/ Osmoregulator- is the process of

maintaining salt and water balance across the membrane
within a body.
- maintain the osmolarity of body fluids despite changes in
the medium.
OSMOREGULATION
EXAMPLE:
 Osmoconformer

-are organisms that maintain their internal fluids iso-

osmotic to their environment. That means they maintain an
internal salinity similar to their ambient conditions.
- change their body fluid osmolarity to match the
concentration of the medium.
Examples are: most marine invertebrates including starfish,
crabs, jellyfish, lobsters, sea squirts and scallops.
 ENERGY PROCESSING/
ACQUISITION AND USE OF
 Autotrophs- the lightENERGY
energy from the sun used by
organisms.
 Consumers- pertains to any of the organisms in most
trophic levels in a food chain except for producers and
decomposers.
- A consumer is a heterotroph and a producer is an
autotroph.
 Herbivore- they are known as consumers that consumes
autotrophs.
 Carnivores- are the consumers that consumes another
consumer.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Growth refers to the increasing size and Development is the
change in shape.
RESPONSE TO THE
ENVIRONMENT/ ABILITY TO
RESPOND TO STIMULI
 Respond to stimuli is another distinguishing shared by
every living organism’s growth. There are many ways in
which living organisms respond to their environmental
stimuli such as growth, migration, color changes and
movement.
 Tropism- known when the plants response to it’s
environmental stimuli.
 Geotropism- plant root are always growing downward that
respond to gravity.
 Phototropism- when plants follows the rays of the sun.
example: sunflower
REPRODUCTION

-The process when living organisms came from other living

things of the same kind. It involves making the new cell,
this new cell can be part of the existing organism, part of a
new organism, or entirely new organism.
TWO TYPES OF
REPRODUCTION
 Sexual reproduction- requires two-parent individual, the
male and female.
 Asexual reproduction- requires a single individual only.
DIVERSITY AND UNITY
 Biodiversity- the variety of living organisms including
plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi.
FIGURE 9.
Figure 9. shows the different kind of species but have
similar in look. These organisms are described in two part
name known as Binomial name.

The first one identifies the generic epithet or simple genus.

The second part identifies a subset within a genus known as
the specific epithet or simply species.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING☺️