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Continuity and Discontinuity of A Function

The document discusses the continuity of functions. It defines a continuous function as one where the graph can be drawn without lifting the pencil, and a discontinuous function as one where the pencil must be lifted. There are three types of discontinuity: removable discontinuities where the function is not defined at a point but can be made continuous; jump discontinuities where the left and right limits are different; and infinite discontinuities where the limit is infinite. The document also discusses the conditions for a function to be continuous over a closed interval.

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15 views29 pages

Continuity and Discontinuity of A Function

The document discusses the continuity of functions. It defines a continuous function as one where the graph can be drawn without lifting the pencil, and a discontinuous function as one where the pencil must be lifted. There are three types of discontinuity: removable discontinuities where the function is not defined at a point but can be made continuous; jump discontinuities where the left and right limits are different; and infinite discontinuities where the limit is infinite. The document also discusses the conditions for a function to be continuous over a closed interval.

Uploaded by

ahronraquel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 29

LIMITS

Continuity of a Function
and

OF A
FUNCTIO
OBJECTIVES

MOTIVATION

ACTIVITY

VIDEO

DISCUSSION

EVALUATION
Back
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students should
be able to:

- Determine whether a function is


continuous or not

- Illustrate the types of discontinuity.


- Determine the type of discontinuity
given a function.
Next
Something to think about…
Hi! I am
Hi! I am Maria.
Pedro.

FERRIS WHEEL FERRIS WHEEL


RIDE RIDE
Height limit is Height limit is from
between 4ft. and 4ft. to 6ft. only
6ft. only

Pedro is 6 ft. tall and Maria is 4 ft. tall


Back
What can you say about…

They are all not continuous or discontinuous.


ACTIVITY Back

Determine whether the following function is continuous or discontinuous.

1. 2. 3.

Discontinuous Discontinuous Continuous

4. 5.

Discontinuous Continuous
Back
Continuity of a Function

Intuitively speaking, a function is


CONTINUOUS at a point if we can draw
the graph of the function near that point
without lifting our pencil from the paper.

Conversely, a function is DISCONTINUOUS


at a point if the pencil must be lifted from the
paper in order to draw the graph on both sides
of the point.

Back
Continuity of a Function
Three conditions for a function to be continuous:

A function f is continuous at x = c, when:

1.) f(c) is defined;

2.) exists; and

3.)

Otherwise, f is said to be discontinuous at x= c. Back


Example:

Determine whether the function is continuous or not at the


given point:

a.) x = 0 b.) x = 1

Back
, a.) x = 0

Since f(0)= 1 which is a real number,

f(0) is defined

Using properties of limits, we see that

exists

Thus, as x gets closer to 0, the corresponding values of f(x) get closer to the
function value at 0:

lim 𝑓 ( 𝑥)= 𝑓 ( 0) Back


𝑥→0
, b.) x = 1

Since division by zero is undefined, the domain of f


is . Thus, f is not defined at 1.

Since, one of the three conditions is not satisfied, so we


conclude that f is not continuous at 1. Equivalently, we
can say that f is discontinuous at 1

Back
Types of Discontinuity:

a.) Hole / Removable Discontinuity

b.) Jump Essential Discontinuity

c.) Infinite Essential Discontinuity

Back
Hole / Removable Discontinuity

A function f(x) is said to have a removable


discontinuity at x = c if:

a.) exists, and

b.) either f(c) does not exist or f(c) ≠ .

Back
Example:

2
𝑥 − 2 𝑥
𝑓 (𝑥 )= 2
𝑥 −4

Discontinuous
at x = 2

Back
The function below is removable by redefining
the function as follows:
2
𝑥 − 2 𝑥
𝑓 (𝑥 )= 2
𝑥 −4

{
2
𝑥 −2𝑥
2
, 𝑥≠2
𝑓 (𝑥 )= 𝑥 − 4
1
, 𝑥=2
2
Back
Jump Essential Discontinuity

A function f(x) is said to have an essential discontinuity at


x = c if DNE. That is,

and
where L ≠ M

Back
Example:

𝑓 (𝑥 )=
{ 𝑥+ 1𝑖𝑓 𝑥 <4 ,
2
( 𝑥 − 4) + 3 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 4

Back
Infinite Essential Discontinuity

A function f(x) is said to have an infinite discontinuity at


x = c if DNE because either

𝑎 .¿ lim 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =+∞ 𝑐 .¿ lim


+¿
¿
𝑥 →𝑐
−
𝑥→ 𝑐 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =+ ∞¿

𝑏.¿ lim 𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=− ∞ 𝑑.¿ lim ¿


− +¿
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥 → 𝑐 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =− ∞¿
Back
Example:

,x≠0

The function f(x) is


discontinuous at
x=0, where x=0 is
the asymptote.

Back
Continuity of a Function on a Closed Interval [a, b].

A function is said to be continuous at a closed interval [a,b] if its right endpoint,


open interval, and left endpoint has no breakage, holes or discontinuity.

Back
Continuity of a Function on a Closed Interval [a, b].

The following are the conditions needed to be satisfied:

1. The function f(x) needs to be continuous at the open


interval [a,b].
2. The function f(x) needs to be continuous at the left
endpoint [a].
a. If f(a) is defined.
b. If exists.
c. If
3. The function f(x) needs to be continuous at the right
endpoint [b].
a. If f(b) is defined.
Back
b. If exists.
c. If
Ex. f(x) = x2 + 5x + 6 , [-4, -1]

STEP 1: the function f(x) needs to be continuous at the


open interval [-4,-1]

x-values f(x) = x2 + 5x + 6 y-values


-3.9 =(-3.9)2 + 5(-3.9) + 6 1.71

-3 =(-3)2 + 5(-3) + 6 0

-2.5 =(-2.5)2 + 5(-2.5) + 6 -0.25

-2 =(-2)2 + 5(-2) + 6 0
Back
-1.0001 =(-1.0001) + 5(-1.0001) + 6
2
1.99970001
Ex. f(x) = x2 + 5x + 6 , [-4, -1]

STEP 2: the function f(x) needs to be continuous at the


left endpoint [-4]

a. Evaluate the function f(x) = x2+5x+6 at x = -4.


f(-4) = (-4)2 + 5(-4) + 6 = 2

b. Find the limit of f(x) = x2+5x+6.


=2

c. Observe that
Back
Ex. f(x) = x2 + 5x + 6 , [-4, -1]

STEP 3: the function f(x) needs to be continuous at the


right endpoint [-1]

a. Evaluate the function f(x) = x2+5x+6 at x = -1.


f(-1) = (-1)2 + 5(-1) + 6 = 2

b. Find the limit of f(x) = x2+5x+6.


=2

c. Observe that
Back
HOTS:

Determine the largest interval over which the


function is continuous.

Answer: [-2, +ꚙ]

Back
EVALUATION

Decoding through
Discontinuity

Back
Prepared by:

GEOVANNI S. DELOS REYES


SST III
Mathematics Department

Back
Back

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