Scribd
Upload
180 views10 pages

Biostatistics - Lecture - Hypothesis Testing

The document discusses hypothesis testing and statistical errors. It describes the key elements of a hypothesis test as the null hypothesis (H0), alternative hypothesis (HA), test statistic, and rejection region. The steps for conducting a hypothesis test are outlined. Broad classifications of hypothesis tests include tests of association and tests of differences for means and proportions. Parametric and non-parametric tests are also distinguished. Summaries of hypothesis tests for differences are provided for one sample and two independent samples applications.

Uploaded by

Jake Miller
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
180 views10 pages

Biostatistics - Lecture - Hypothesis Testing

The document discusses hypothesis testing and statistical errors. It describes the key elements of a hypothesis test as the null hypothesis (H0), alternative hypothesis (HA), test statistic, and rejection region. The steps for conducting a hypothesis test are outlined. Broad classifications of hypothesis tests include tests of association and tests of differences for means and proportions. Parametric and non-parametric tests are also distinguished. Summaries of hypothesis tests for differences are provided for one sample and two independent samples applications.

Uploaded by

Jake Miller
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

Biostatistics I

Dr. Ugochukwu U. Onyeonoro, FMCPH


Federal Medical Center,
Umuahia, Abia State
Dr. Ugochukwu Onyeonoro NPMCN Revision Course
1 2022 03/12/24
Hypothesis Testing
The goal is make statement(s) regarding unknown
population parameter values based on sample data
Elements of a hypothesis test:
Null hypothesis (H0) - Statement regarding the
value(s) of unknown parameter(s). It is a
statement of the status quo, one of no difference
or no effect (will always contain an equality).
H0: 1-2 = 0

Dr. Ugochukwu Onyeonoro NPMCN Revision Course


2 2022 03/12/24
Hypothesis Testing
Alternative hypothesis (HA)- Statement contradictory to
the null hypothesis (It is one in which some difference
expected (will always contain an inequality) HA: 1-2 
0
Test statistic - Quantity based on sample data and null
hypothesis used to test between null and alternative
hypotheses
Rejection region - Values of the test statistic for which
we reject the null in favor of the alternative hypothesis
Dr. Ugochukwu Onyeonoro NPMCN Revision Course
3 2022 03/12/24
Steps for Hypothesis Testing
Formulate H0 and H1

Select Appropriate Test

Choose Level of Significance

Calculate Test Statistic TSCAL

Determine Prob Assoc with Test Determine Critical Value of Test Stat
Stat TSCR

Determine if TSCR
Compare with Level of
Significance,  falls into (Non) Rejection Region

Reject/Do not Reject H0

Draw Conclusion

4 Dr. Ugochukwu Onyeonoro NPMCN Revision Course 2022 03/12/24


Statistical Error
Type I Error
Occurs if the null hypothesis is rejected when it is in
fact true.
The probability of type I error ( α ) is also called the
level of significance.
Type II Error
Occurs if the null hypothesis is not rejected when it is
in fact false. The probability of type II error is denoted
by β
Unlike α, which is specified by the researcher, the
magnitude of β depends on the actual value of the
5
population parameter (proportion). 03/12/24
Dr. Ugochukwu Onyeonoro NPMCN Revision Course 2022
Broad Classification of Hyp Tests

Hypothesis Tests

Tests of Tests of
Association Differences

Means Proportions Means Proportions

6 Dr. Ugochukwu Onyeonoro NPMCN Revision Course 2022 03/12/24


Hypothesis ttT
Hypothesis Tests

Parametric Tests Non-parametric Tests


(Metric) (Nonmetric)

One Sample Two or More


Samples
* t test
* Z test
Independent
Samples
* Two-Group t * Paired
test t test
* Z test

Dr. Ugochukwu Onyeonoro NPMCN Revision Course


7 2022 03/12/24
Dr. Ugochukwu Onyeonoro NPMCN Revision Course
8 2022 03/12/24
Summary of Hypothesis Tests
for Differences

Sample Application Level of Scaling Test/Comments

One Sample Proportion Metric Z test

One Sample Means Metric t test, if variance is unknown


z test, if variance is known

Dr. Ugochukwu Onyeonoro NPMCN Revision Course


9 2022 03/12/24
Summary of Hypothesis Tests for
Differences
Two Indep Samples
Application Scaling Test/Comments

test for equality of


Two indep Means Metric Two -group t test
samples F
variances
Chi
Two indep Proportions Metri z - square test
samples c
Nonmetric test

Dr. Ugochukwu Onyeonoro NPMCN Revision Course


10 2022 03/12/24

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy