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12 - 3 Erratic Motion - Graphical Analysis

The document discusses the relationship between position, velocity, and acceleration graphs and how to convert between them. It explains that the slope of a position-time graph is velocity, the slope of a velocity-time graph is acceleration, and displacement can be found from the area under a velocity-time graph. The document also provides examples of relating acceleration-time graphs to velocity-time graphs and position-time graphs.

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James Aeron Tubat
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37 views20 pages

12 - 3 Erratic Motion - Graphical Analysis

The document discusses the relationship between position, velocity, and acceleration graphs and how to convert between them. It explains that the slope of a position-time graph is velocity, the slope of a velocity-time graph is acceleration, and displacement can be found from the area under a velocity-time graph. The document also provides examples of relating acceleration-time graphs to velocity-time graphs and position-time graphs.

Uploaded by

James Aeron Tubat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Relationship Between s-t, v-t, and a-t Graphs

Big picture, you have a good feel for how position, velocity, and acceleration are related
mathematically. But I want to help you build a little more intuition about how they are
related visually.

In days of old, computers were slow, and the Internet was still a rogue idea in Gore’s head.
But engineers were becoming good at graphical solutions to math problems that had no
known analytical solution. This was particularly true of calculus and differential equations
problems.

You know that:

In theory, if I gave you a plot of a position vs. time, and some grid paper, you
could probably draw me a pretty accurate velocity vs. time plot. Or, at least
that’s what I’d like you do to.
Relationship Between s-t, v-t, and a-t Graphs

“But Dr. Dan…..why would we want to learn a skill like that? When would it
ever be useful in modern times?”
- Imaginary Dynamics Student

That’s an excellent question, young grasshopper. The answer is:


Outside of a ‘Fluids Lab’ working problems on a napkin, you probably never will.

But if you replace ‘plot’ with ‘data’


and ‘grid paper’ with ‘phenomenal (computational) power’
then the answer is: All the freaking time.

Besides, this is a tool that also serves as another great way to check your (or
someone else's) work. You should get so good at comparing these kind of
charts that you can do it with very little mental effort.
Rectilinear Kinematics: Erratic Motion 12.3
In many cases the position, velocity,
and acceleration of a particle
cannot be described by a
continuous mathematical function
along its entire path.

The s-t and v-t graphs:

ds
v
dt

slope of
= velocity
s-t graph
Rectilinear Kinematics: Erratic Motion 12.3
In many cases the position, velocity,
and acceleration of a particle
cannot be described by a
continuous mathematical function
along its entire path.

The v-t and a-t graphs:

dv
a
dt

slope of
= acceleration
v-t graph
Relationship Between s-t, v-t, and a-t Graphs

How about the other way? What if you have a plot of acceleration as a function of
time? How to you get to velocity? Or position?

You know that:

v   adt s   vdt

change in area under area under


= displacement =
velocity a-t graph v-t graph

In theory, if I gave you a plot of acceleration vs. time, and some grid paper,
you could probably draw me a pretty accurate velocity vs. time plot.
Rectilinear Kinematics: Erratic Motion 12.3
In many cases the position, velocity,
and acceleration of a particle
cannot be described by a
continuous mathematical function
along its entire path.

The a-t and v-t graphs:

v   adt

change in area under


=
velocity a-t graph
Rectilinear Kinematics: Erratic Motion 12.3
In many cases the position, velocity,
and acceleration of a particle
cannot be described by a
continuous mathematical function
along its entire path.

The v-t and s-t graphs:

s   vdt

area under
displacement =
v-t graph
Relationship Between s-t, v-t, and a-t Graphs

Group Discussion:
With those around you see if you can come to some agreement on the
following scenerio:
Suppose you wanted to know the position, velocity, and acceleration of an
object as a function of time. You have a device that will record data (time
stamped), but you can only choose one sensor. You can record position,
velocity, or acceleration. What sensor would you choose, and why?
In-Class Practice Problem 1

What do you notice?


Key words?
How to you approach the problem?
What do you predict about the answer?
What are the units for velocity and
acceleration going to be?
In-Class Practice Problem 1

Mathy Solution
In-Class Practice Problem 1

Napkin Solution
In-Class Practice Problem 2

What do you notice?


Key words?
How to you approach the problem?
How big are these accelerations? What can you compare them with?
What do you predict about the answer?
What are the units for velocity and position going to be?
In-Class Practice Problem 2
In-Class Practice Problem 2
In-Class Practice Problem 3

What do you notice?


Key words?
How to you approach the problem?
How fast is 15 m/s in mph?
Is this something a mid 80’s to early 90’s Vette could do?
What do you predict for average acceleration?
What do you predict for average deceleration?
In-Class Practice Problem 3

How fast is 15 m/s in mph?


 A little over 30 mph
Is this something a mid 80’s to early 90’s Vette could do?
 Yes. Maybe a bicycle too.
What do you predict for average acceleration?
What do you predict for average deceleration?
 Acceleration is slope of v-t. Straight line from origin to peak
is about 15 [m/s] / 5 [sec] = 3 m/s2.
Deceleration is 15 [m/s] / 10 [sec] = 1.5 m/s2
In-Class Practice Problem 3
In-Class Practice Problem 3
In-Class Practice Problem 3
In-Class Practice Problem 3

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