TOPIC:Indian economic development-

green revolution-
How india became self sufficient in food
products after the introduction of green
revolution
The Green Revolution is referred to as
the process of increasing agricultural
production by incorporating modern tools
and techniques. It was launched in the year
1965 by the government of India The main
features of Green Revolutions are:
1. Using seeds with improved genetics (High
Yielding Variety seeds).
2. Double cropping in the existing farmland.
3. The continuing expansion of farming
areas.
Green Revolution In India: The Green
Revolution is linked to the production of
agriculture. The process of raising
agricultural productivity by utilizing
contemporary instruments and techniques is
known as the “Green Revolution.” During
this time, the nation’s agriculture was
transformed into an industrial system as a
result of the adoption of contemporary
practices and procedures, such as the use of
tractors, fertilizers, pesticides, and high-
yielding variety seeds. The government
focused primarily on growing the agricultural
lands up to 1967. However, due to the fast-
growing population and declining food
output, severe measures had to be taken right
once to enhance yield, and the result was the
Green Revolution.
What is the Green Revolution?
•The Green Revolution, spearheaded by agricultural
scientist Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan,
played a pivotal role in averting famine in South Asia
during the 1960s. Often hailed as the father of this
agricultural movement, Swaminathan’s efforts
focused on promoting high-yielding wheat and rice
varieties among impoverished farmers in South and
Southeast Asia. This initiative significantly
contributed to enhancing agricultural self-sufficiency
and earned him the first World Food Prize in 1987.
Swaminathan, however, recognized the potential
environmental drawbacks of intensive farming and
advocated for a sustainable ‘evergreen revolution.’
Born into an agricultural family in south India,
Swaminathan’s commitment to service and
improvement in Indian agriculture was deeply
influenced by Mahatma Gandhi’s principles of selfless
service to the nation. His contributions extended
beyond agriculture, as he served in various capacities,
incorporating gender and environmental concerns into
development planning and actively participating in
committees addressing diverse issues.
Features of the Green Revolution
The following are some significant features of India’s green revolution:
•High-yielding variety seeds were introduced into Indian agriculture.
•In areas with abundant irrigation resources, the HYV seeds performed
exceptionally well and produced a larger wheat production. As a result,
the Green Revolution initially concentrated on states like Tamil Nadu
and Punjab that had greater infrastructure.
•Other states received the high-yielding variety seeds during the second
phase, and the plan also included crops outside wheat.
•The strategy excluded cash crops and commercial crops like oilseeds,
cotton, jute, and so on. In India, the Green Revolution mostly focused on
staple cereals like rice and wheat.
•Green Revolution expanded the availability and use of herbicides,
weedicides, and fertilizers to improve farm output and minimize crop
damage.
•It contributed to the nation’s commercial farming industry by
introducing technology and equipment such as tractors, drills,
harvesters, and other equipment.
•Proper watering is the most crucial prerequisite for high-yielding
variety seeds. Farmers cannot rely solely on the monsoon to supply
adequate water for crops grown from HYV seeds. As a result, India’s
agricultural irrigation systems have been enhanced by the Green
Revolution.
Schemes Under the Green Revolution
in India
•The Green Revolution-Krishnnati
Yojana is an umbrella scheme that
includes eleven schemes. Each scheme
aims to develop agriculture and related
sectors scientifically and
comprehensively, increasing farmers’
income through improved productivity,
production, and returns on produce;
strengthening production infrastructure;
and lowering production and marketing
costs. The following 11 programs are
included in the Umbrella Schemes under
the Green Revolution:
1. Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH)
Its goals are to boost the horticulture industry’s overall growth, increase horticulture productivity, improve dietary
security, and help farm households with economic support.
2. National Food Security Mission (NFSM)
Through area expansion and productivity enhancement, it seeks to boost production of commercial crops, rice,
wheat, pulses, and coarse cereals. It aim to improve farm-level economy and restore soil fertility and productivity at
the individual farm level. It also seeks to decrease edible oil imports and increase the supply of vegetable oils.
3. National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)
The goal of the NMSA is to advance sustainable agriculture methods that are most appropriate for the particular
agro-ecology, with an emphasis on integrated farming, sensible management of soil health, and technology that
synergizes resource conservation.
4. Submission on Agriculture Extension (SMAE)
The goals of SMAE are farmers’ socioeconomic empowerment and food and nutrition security. To create efficient
connections and collaborations between different stakeholders and to encourage the widespread and creative use of
print and electronic media, interpersonal communication, ICT tools, etc.
5. Sub-Mission on Seeds and Planting Material (SMSP)
The goal of SMSP is to produce more certified and high-quality seed. It also bolster the chain of seed multiplication
and update the infrastructure for seed storage, production, quality control, and certification, among other
areas. Developing new techniques and technologies in the processing, testing, and production of seeds,
6. Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM)
SMAM seeks to extend farm mechanization’s reach to small and marginal farmers as well as to areas with limited
access to agricultural labor. To counteract the negative economies of scale brought on by tiny landholding and the
high cost of individual ownership, it will support “Custom Hiring Centers.” Through demonstration and capacity-
building initiatives, it will raise awareness among stakeholders and establish centers for high-tech and valuable farm
equipment.
7. Sub-Mission on Plant Protection and Plan Quarantine (SMPPQ)
The goal of SMPPQ is to reduce the amount of agricultural crop production and quality loss caused by weeds,
nematodes, rodents, illnesses, and insect pests. It will protect agricultural biosecurity from alien species intrusions
and spread, enabling the sale of Indian agricultural products to international markets. Encourage the use of excellent
agricultural techniques, especially in relation to plant protection tactics.
8. Integrated Scheme on Agriculture Census, Economics and Statistics (ISACES)
Its objectives include conducting an agriculture census, analyzing the costs associated with cultivating the nation’s
main crops and doing research on agroeconomic issues. It aims to develop a hierarchical information system on crop
condition and crop production from planting to harvest and enhance agricultural statistics methodology.
9. Integrated Scheme on Agricultural Cooperation (ISAC)
It seeks to eliminate regional imbalances, expedite cooperative development, and offer financial support for
enhancing the economic standing of cooperatives. The program will specifically assist cotton farmers in obtaining
fair compensation for their yield by adding value, in addition to guaranteeing that the decentralized weavers have
access to high-quality yarn at competitive prices.
10. Integrated Scheme on Agricultural Marketing (ISAM)
ISAM wants to build competitive alternatives in the field of agricultural marketing
infrastructure, as well as creative and cutting-edge technologies. Establish
infrastructure that enables agricultural produce to be graded, standardized, and
certified for quality. It seeks to create a uniform online market platform and a
national marketing information network to enable commerce in agricultural
commodities and other goods throughout India.
11. National e-Governance Plan in Agriculture (NeGP-A)
It seeks to instill a service orientation and farmer centricity in the initiatives.
Making it easier for farmers to obtain services and information throughout the
agricultural cycle. By providing farmers with timely and pertinent information to
boost their agricultural productivity, it seeks to improve program efficacy and
efficiency.
The Impact of Green Revolution on India

Increased Agricultural Productivity: One of the primary objectives of the Green Revolution was to enhance agricultural productivity. The
introduction of high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of crops, improved irrigation facilities, and increased use of fertilizers and pesticides resulted in a
significant increase in crop yields. Wheat and rice production, in particular, saw remarkable growth.

Food Security: The Green Revolution played a crucial role in ensuring food security for India. The increased production of staple crops like wheat
and rice helped meet the growing demand of a rapidly expanding population. India, which faced food shortages in the pre-Green Revolution era,
became self-sufficient in food production.

Economic Growth: The improved agricultural productivity contributed to economic growth by increasing farm income and creating a surplus for
trade. The surplus income generated by farmers stimulated economic activities in rural areas and contributed to the overall economic development
of the country.

Technological Advancements: The Green Revolution introduced modern agricultural technologies, including mechanization, better seeds, and
advanced irrigation techniques. Farmers were encouraged to adopt scientific methods of cultivation, leading to a shift from traditional, labor-
intensive practices to more efficient and mechanized farming.
 Rural Transformation: The Challenges and Dependency on Water: The
economic growth in agriculture Inequities: While the Green Environmental Concerns: The success of the Green
led to a transformation in rural Revolution brought about intensive use of chemical Revolution was often
areas. The increased income significant benefits, it also led fertilizers and pesticides raised
levels improved living to certain challenges and
dependent on irrigation.
environmental concerns. Over
standards, and there was a shift disparities. The benefits were time, the negative impacts of This led to increased
from agrarian-based economies not evenly distributed, and these practices on soil health, demands on water
to more diversified economies larger, more prosperous water resources, and resources, sometimes
with increased opportunities farmers tended to benefit more biodiversity became evident. resulting in over-extraction
for non-agricultural activities. than small and marginal There was an increasing of groundwater. The
farmers. This created economic recognition of the need for sustainability of water
disparities and contributed to sustainable and eco-friendly
social inequality.
usage became a critical
agricultural practices.
issue in certain regions.
•Conclusion – Green Revolution In India
•All things considered, the Green Revolution delivered
many developing nations—especially India—an
unprecedented degree of national food security and was
a huge success. It signified the effective transfer and
adaption of the same scientific agricultural revolution
that the industrialized nations had already successfully
seized for themselves. Less attention was, however,
given to aspects other than guaranteeing food security,
such as the environment, the underprivileged farmers,
and their education regarding the use of such
chemicals. To ensure that the impoverished benefit
more directly from emerging technology, politicians
must focus their efforts more narrowly on them going
forward. Additionally, these technologies must be more
environmentally friendly. To avoid repeating the
mistakes of the past, it is imperative that these
programs encompass all beneficiaries throughout all
regions as opposed to focusing only on one.
 THANK YOU
By Sudheera K Mohanty
Class 12 C
th