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Week 1 - Electric Charges - Gen. Physics 2

The document discusses electric charge and how it arises from the presence of protons and electrons in atoms. It describes how rubbing materials together can induce a charge by transferring electrons between the materials. Conductors and insulators are defined based on their ability to allow charge to flow. Methods of charging objects including rubbing, conduction, and induction are explained.

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21 views19 pages

Week 1 - Electric Charges - Gen. Physics 2

The document discusses electric charge and how it arises from the presence of protons and electrons in atoms. It describes how rubbing materials together can induce a charge by transferring electrons between the materials. Conductors and insulators are defined based on their ability to allow charge to flow. Methods of charging objects including rubbing, conduction, and induction are explained.

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ELECTRIC

Module 1
CHARGES
General Physics 2
Electric Charge
• Atom – is the basic building
block of matter.
Sub-atomic particles:
proton – positive ( + )
electron – negative ( - )
neutron – neutral /
no charge
Electric Charge
Electric Charge
An electric charge determines the electric interaction and
magnetic interaction between subatomic particles and other
charged particles.

Electromagnetism

Law of Charges:
“like charges repel, unlike charges attract”
Electric Charge
An electric charge is represented by the symbol “ q ” and is measured using the unit coulomb ( C ).

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
Electric Charge
Ex:
Compute the charge of the following ions.
1) +3 2) -7
Conductors vs. Insulators

Conductors – materials with Insulators – materials with low


high electron mobility (many electron mobility (few or no
free electrons). free electrons).
Allow the charge to flow from Charge does not flow easily.
one end to the other easily.
Ex: glass, rubber, asphalt,
Ex: silver, copper, gold, iron, porcelain, ceramic, dry paper,
aluminum, steel, graphite, water dry wood, plastic

Methods of Charging an Object


Charging by rubbing, conduction and induction.
Charging by Rubbing

Charging by rubbing or friction is useful for charging insulators, which are materials that aren't good conductors.

When an object is rubbed over another object, the electrons get


transferred from one object to another.
• Object that gains extra electrons becomes negatively charged.
• Object that loses electrons becomes positively charged.
TRIBOELECTRIC SERIES

The triboelectric series is a list of common materials that were experimented on and found to behave in a predictable
way. When these materials are rubbed together, those that appear first in the list tend to lose their electrons, making them positive.
Meanwhile those latter in the list tend to gain electrons, making them negative.

1. dry hand 6. wool 11. rubber


2. leather 7. fur 12. polyester
3. glass 8. silk 13. Styrofoam
4. human hair 9. wood 14. polyurethane
5. nylon 10. amber 15. PVC
Ex: 1. dry hand
1) nylon and silk 4) rubber and rubber 2. leather
3. glass
4. human hair
5. nylon

2) dry hand and PVC 5) wool and amber 6. wool


7. fur
8. silk
9. wood
10. amber
3)glass and leather 11. rubber
12. polyester
13. Styrofoam
14. polyurethane
15. PVC
• STATIC ELECTRICITY
- a build up of electric charge on the surface on any object.
- occurs when there is an imbalance of positively and
negatively charged atoms.

Pieter van Musschenbroek Ewald Georg von Kleist


APPLICATION OF STATIC ELECTRICITY

• Pollution Control
→ Electrostatic Precipitators → Smokestacks
APPLICATION OF STATIC ELECTRICITY

• Xerography • Painting Cars


Charging by
Conduction
Charging by conduction is the process of charging the uncharged
object by bringing it in contact with another charged object. This is used to
charge things that are good conductors, such a metal.
A charged object has unequal
number of negative and positive
charges. Hence, when a charged
object is brought in contact with
the uncharged conductor, the
electrons get transferred from
charged object to the conductor.
Charging by
Conduction COMMON MISTAKES AND
MISCONCEPTIONS
People mistakenly think that an
object gets positive charge by
receiving extra positive charges.
Protons have positive charge and are
bound to the object (it cannot be
transferred).

Electrons can be transferred between


objects. When an object’s net charge
becomes more positive, it has lost
electrons.
Law of Conservation of Charge:
Charge can neither be created nor
destroyed. It can only be transferred
from one body to another.

The net quantity of charge


is always conserved.
Charging by Induction
Charging by induction is the process of charging the uncharged
object by bringing another charged object near to it, but not touching it.

The separation of electrical


charges to opposite poles due to
induction is known as
polarization.

Grounding - a backup pathway


that provides an alternating route
for the current to flow back to
the ground if there is a fault in the
wiring system.
Short Quiz next meeting
20-30 items
Written Work #1;
Electric Charge

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