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Physics

transistor

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Biruk Yenew
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35 views18 pages

Physics

transistor

Uploaded by

Biruk Yenew
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TRANSISTORS

• A Transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch


electronic signals.
• There are two types of transistors: Bipolar junction transistor and
Field effect transistor.
• BJT: is a three terminal, two-junction device used to control electron
flow.
• It consists of three alternately doped regions. (Either N-P-N or P-N-P)
• Emitter: The section on one side that supplies charge carriers
(electrons or holes). The emitter terminal is the heavily doped region
as compared to the base and collector.
• Collector: The section on the other side that collects the charge
carriers. The collector is moderately doped region and slightly larger
in size as compared to the base and the emitter.
• Base: The middle section between the emitter and the collector. The
base is lightly doped and very thin.
• In the symbolic representation for a transistor, the arrow mark is
placed on the emitter in the direction of conventional current flow.
NPN TRANSISTOR
• An NPN transistor has an n-type semiconductor as its emitter and collector.
• A transistor must be biased by external voltages so that the emitter, base, and
collector regions interact in the desired manner.
• In a properly biased transistor, the emitter junction is forward biased and the
collector junction is reverse biased.
• IE=IB+IC
PNP TRANSISTOR
• The PNP transistor works in essentially the same way as the NPN
transistor.
• The majority current carriers in the PNP transistor are holes.
• The positive terminal of the battery is connected to the emitter and
the negative is connected to the collector.
TRANSISTOR CONFIGURATION
• Any transistor circuit can be designed using three types of
configuration.
• Three configurations of the transistor are based on the connection of
the transistor terminal.
COMMON EMITTER
• The common-emitter configuration (CE) is the arrangement most
frequently used in practical amplifier circuits, since it provides good
voltage, current, and power gain.
• Since the input signal is applied to the base-emitter circuit and the
output is taken from the collector-emitter circuit, then the emitter is
the element common to both input and output.
• The current gain in the common-emitter circuit is called beta (β). Beta
is the relationship of collector current (output current) to base
current (input current). To calculate beta, use the following formula:
COMMON BASE CONFIGURATION
• In the common-base configuration, the input signal is applied to the
emitter, the output is taken from the collector, and the base is the
element common to both input and output.
• Alpha is the relationship of collector current (output current) to
emitter current (input current). Alpha is calculated using the formula:
COMMON COLLECTOR
• In the common-collector circuit, the input signal is applied to the
base, the output is taken from the emitter, and the collector is the
element common to both input and output.
• It provides good current gain but no voltage gain.
1. Configure and bias a PNP transistor in a way that it amplifies both
current and voltage.
2. The resistance and voltage gain of a common emitter transistor are
15Ω and 750V respectively. Find the collector current, if the input
current was initially 2μA.
3. Why is the emitter heavily dopped?
4. A transistor has a current gain of 250 and a base current 20A. What
is the collector current?

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