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Operating Systems11-9-07 BBA 3 RD SEM

OSMANIA UNIVERSITY BBA ITB

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40 views19 pages

Operating Systems11-9-07 BBA 3 RD SEM

OSMANIA UNIVERSITY BBA ITB

Uploaded by

internationaldegreecollege
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OPERATING

SYSTEMS
WHAT IS OS?
 Operating System is a System software, which makes a
computer to actually work.
 It is the software that enables all the programs we use.
 The OS organizes and controls the hardware.
 OS acts as an interface between the application programs and
the machine hardware.

 Examples: Windows, Linux, Unix and Mac OS, etc.,


WHAT OS DOES?
An operating system performs basic tasks such as,

 controlling and allocating memory,


 prioritizing system requests
 controlling input and output devices
 facilitating networking and
 managing file systems.
STRUCTURE OF OPERATING
SYSTEM: Application Programs
System Programs

Software (Operating System)

HARDWARE

(Contd…)
STRUCTURE OF OPERATING SYSTEM
(CONTD…):

 The structure of OS consists of 4 layers:


1. Hardware
Hardware consists of CPU, Main memory, I/O Devices, etc,

2. Software (Operating System)


Software includes process management routines, memory
management routines, I/O control routines, file
management routines.

(Contd…)
STRUCTURE OF OPERATING SYSTEM
(CONTD…):

3. System programs
This layer consists of compilers, Assemblers, linker
etc.

4. Application programs
This is dependent on users need. Ex. Railway
reservation system, Bank database management
etc.,
OPERATING SYSTEMS
FUNCTIONS:
 The main functions of operating systems are:

1. Program creation
2. Program execution
3. Input/Output operations
4. Error detection
5. Resource allocation
6. Accounting
7. protection
TYPES OF OS:
Operating System can also be classified as,-

 Single User/Single Tasking Operating System


 Multi User/Multi Tasking Operating System
 Multi Programming Operating System
 Multi-Processing Operating System
 Multi Threading Operating System
 Batch Processing Operating System
 Time sharing Operating System
SINGLE USER/ SINGLE
TASKINGOPERATING SYSTEM :

 Provides a platform for only one user at a time.


 They are popularly associated with Desk Top operating system which run on
standalone systems where no user accounts are required.
 SingleTasking OS process one application at one time
 In this, the user user can’t start another application till the processing of one
application has finished by OS
 Example: DOS
MULTI-USER /MULTI TASKING
OPERATING SYSTEM:

 A multi user OS is a type of OS that allows multiple users on


different computers or terminals to access single system with
one OS on it.
 Refers to computer systems that support two or more
simultaneous users.
 Another term for multi-user is time sharing.

 Ex: All mainframes and are multi-user systems.


 Example: Windows 2000, windows NT etc.
 A multi tasking OS is capable of running more than one application at a time.
 Ex: downloading some thing from internet while sending Mail.
 Todays desktop, laptops and notebook are with OS with some type of
multitasking.
MULTIPROGRAMMING:
 Multiprogramming is a technique to execute number of
programs simultaneously by a single processor.
 In Multiprogramming, number of processes reside in main
memory at a time.
 The OS picks and begins to executes one of the jobs in the
main memory.
 If any I/O wait happened in a process, then CPU switches from
that job to another job.
 Hence CPU in not idle at any time.
MULTIPROGRAMMING (CONTD…):
OS • Figuredipicts the layout of
multiprogramming system.
Job 1
• The main memory consists of 5
Job 2 jobs at a time, the CPU executes
one by one.
Job 3
Advantages:
Job 4 •Efficient memory utilization

Job 5 •Throughput increases


•CPU is never idle, so
performance increases.
SINGLE PROCESSING OS
On a single-processor system, there is
one main CPU capable of executing a
general-purpose instruction set, including
instructions from user processes.
Single-processor systems are the most
common.
MULTI PROCESSING OS
BATCH PROCESSING:
 In Batch processing same type of jobs batch (BATCH- a set of
jobs with similar needs) together and execute at a time.
 The OS was simple, its major task was to transfer control from
one job to the next.
 The job was submitted to the computer operator in form of
punch cards. At some later time the output appeared.
 The OS was always resident in memory. (Ref. Fig. next slide)
 Common Input devices were card readers and tape drives.
BATCH PROCESSING (CONTD…):

 Common output devices were line printers, tape drives, and


card punches.
 Users did not interact directly with the computer systems, but
OS
he prepared a job (comprising of the program, the data, &
some control information).
User
program
area
TIME SHARING SYSTEMS:
 Time sharing, or multitasking, is a logical extension of
multiprogramming.
 Multiple jobs are executed by switching the CPU between
them.
 In this, the CPU time is shared by different processes, so it is
called as “Time sharing Systems”.
 Time slice is defined by the OS, for sharing CPU time between
processes.
 Examples: Multics, Unix, etc.,

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