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Stepper Motor 23.06.2020

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19 views35 pages

Stepper Motor 23.06.2020

Uploaded by

sharon monisha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT I

STEPPER MOTORS
Definition
• A stepper (or, stepping) motor is an
electromechanical device which converts
electrical pulses into discrete mechanical
movements.
• The stepping motor is a device which can transfer
the incoming pulses to stepping motion of a
predetermined angular displacement. By using
suitable control circuitry, the angular
displacement can be made proportional to the
number of pulses.
Principle of operation
• Stepper motors work on the principle of
electromagnetism. There is a soft iron or magnetic rotor
shaft surrounded by the electromagnetic stators.
• The rotor and stator have poles which may be teethed or
not depending upon the type of stepper.
• When the stators are energized the rotor moves to align
itself along with the stator (in case of a permanent magnet
type stepper) or moves to have a minimum gap with the
stator (in case of a variable reluctance stepper).
• This way the stators are energized in a sequence to rotate
the stepper motor.
STEPPER MOTOR - ELECTROMAGNET
Internal Components of a Stepper Motor
Rotation
Movement Generation
Step-1
Step-2
Step-3
Step-4
Connection
Stepper Motor -Applications
Contd…
Construction

Stator coils

Rotor
Disadvantages:-
Require a dedicated control circuit
Use more current than D.C. motors
High torque output achieved at low speeds
STEP ANGLE
RESOLUTION
Problems
Types

By construction the step motors come into


three broad classes:
1. Permanent Magnet Stepper
2. Variable Reluctance Stepper
3. Hybrid Step Motor
Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor
• The rotor and stator poles of a permanent magnet stepper are not
teethed. Instead the rotor have alternative north and south poles
parallel to the axis of the rotor shaft.

When a stator is energized, it develops electromagnetic poles. The


magnetic rotor aligns along the magnetic field of the stator. The other
stator is then energized in the sequence so that the rotor moves and
aligns itself to the new magnetic field. This way energizing the stators
in a fixed sequence rotates the stepper motor by fixed angles.

The resolution of a permanent magnet stepper can be increased by


increasing number of poles in the rotor or increasing the number of
phases.
PM Stepper Motor
• Wound Stator poles
• Rotor poles – permanent magnet
• Rotor Shape - Cylindrical
• Direction – stator current polarity
PM Stepper Motor
PM Stepper Motor Operation
Modes of Operation
• 1-phase ON mode
• 2-phase ON mode
• Half step mode
Contd…
Two windings energisation
Variable-Reluctance Stepper Motor
• The variable reluctance stepper has a toothed non-magnetic soft
iron rotor. When the stator coil is energized the rotor moves to
have a minimum gap between the stator and its teeth.
• The teeth of the rotor are designed so that when they are
aligned with one stator they get misaligned with the next stator.
Now when the next stator is energized, the rotor moves to align
its teeth with the next stator. This way energizing stators in a
fixed sequence completes the rotation of the step motor.
• The resolution of a variable reluctance stepper can be increased
by increasing the number of teeth in the rotor and by increasing
the number of phases.
VR Stepper Motor
Single Stack – VR Stepper Motor
1 Phase ON
Single Stack – VR Stepper Motor
2 Phase ON
Single Stack – VR Stepper Motor
Half Stepping Mode
Microstepping
VR Stepper Motor - Multistack
Hybrid Stepper Motor
• A hybrid stepper is a combination of both permanent
magnet and the variable reluctance. It has a
magnetic teethed rotor which better guides
magnetic flux to preferred location in the air gap.
• The magnetic rotor has two cups. One for north
poles and second for the south poles. The rotor cups
are designed so that that the north and south poles
arrange in alternative manner.
• The Hybrid motor rotates on same principle of
energizing the stator coils in a sequence.

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