Faculty of Architecture and planning,

Arba Minch university

INDUSTRIALIZED
BUILDING
SYSTEMS (IBS)
COMPONENTS
(BMCIII– Lecture 2)

BY: ABEL SOLOMON

Building Materials and Construction III

CONTENTS

1. Foundations

2. Floor slabs

3. Walls

4. Beams

5. Columns
1. Foundations
 PRECAST FOUNDATION
 An off-site construction technique in which the foundation units are pre-
engineered and manufactured in a controlled environment.
 These units as are pre-engineered, their capacities or the limits are
communicated with the purchaser to produce the desired unit.

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1. Foundations
 PRECAST FOUNDATION
 The design of the precast concrete foundation is performed by
considering the following important parameters:
 Determination of soil type and its bearing capacity
 Design of the footing(type, size and specification)
 Checking with the precast concrete foundation manufacturer that
the foundation unit can safely support the calculated loads.
 Checking for the uplift.

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1. Foundations

 PRECAST PAD FOR SHALLOW

FOUNDATION
 The Precast Foundation is a reinforced
concrete element made up of a tied rebar
beam cage incorporated within a semi-precast
concrete element which acts as formwork.
 The Precast Foundation can be produced in
different forms and dimensions to satisfy
every design and structural need. 5
1. Foundations

 PRECAST PAD FOR DEEP FOUNDATIONS

ON PILES OR MINI PILES
 When the load can not be supported by
shallow foundations piles or mini piles
are introduced into the foundation.
 The jutting out reinforcements at the
head of the pile are incorporated within
the footing base through the pouring of
concrete.
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1. Foundations

 ASSEMBLY

 Precast Pad Foundation is placed on the lean concrete.

 Precast column is mounted on the pad foundation and the bent rebar
jutting out from the base are inserted inside the Foundation element.
 A final casting of concrete embeds the column’s rebar inside the Precast
Foundation.
 The work is completed with the removal of all adjustment devices.

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1. Foundations

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1. Foundations
 ASSEMBLY
 For the assembly and alignment of the
precast column, adjusting devices are used.
These allow an easy, fast and precise
installation.
 During the production phase of the Precast
Foundation, four anchor bolts are left
within the central concrete walls, while the
precast column is equipped with eight
threaded coupler.
 The adjusting devices are fixed to the 9
1. Foundations

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1. Foundations
 CONNECTING
BEAMS/CONCRETING
 After assembling the precast columns,
the connecting beams are connected to
the foundations through the rebar that
jut out vertically  The work is completed with a
 The connecting perimeter beams of the final casting of concrete into the
structure will also serve as panel beams Precast Pads, thereby
for the precast panels and will therefore connecting columns, beams and
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1. Foundations
PRECAST RETAINING WALLS
ON PRECAST STRIP FOUNDATIONS
 Are vibrated concrete structures for retaining
soil.
 They are made up of a line of full-height
modular panels.
 The side facing the soil is endowed with one or
more vertical stiffening ribs that go from the
base to the top of the wall.
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1. Foundations
PRECAST RETAINING WALLS ON PRECAST STRIP FOUNDATIONS
 The Precast Retaining Walls are produced in different types:
• Exposed cement facing
• Covered in local stone or
• Covered with horizontal flowerbeds (stone-grass or cement-
grass).

Fair-faced concrete Wall Wall covered with local stone Stone-Grass Wall

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1. Foundations
ASSEMBLY RETAINING WALL AND
FOUNDATION
 Precast Foundation is placed on the lean concrete
 Retaining Wall is mounted on the foundation and the
bent rebar jutting out from the base are inserted
inside the Foundation element.
 A final casting of concrete embeds the Wall’s rebar
inside the Precast Foundation.
 The work is completed with the removal of all
adjustment 14
1. Foundations
PRECAST FOUNDATION FOR DOUBLE
WALLS
PRECAST STRIP FOUNDATION

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1. Foundations
 ADVANTAGES COMPARED TO THE
TRADITIONAL SYSTEMS
 100% savings on auxiliary tools of
 40% saving on total work costs
a dangerous nature, such as saws,
 80% saving on skilled and
metal benders, shears, hammers,
qualified workers;
pincers, angle grinder.
 60% saving on completion time;
 Quality is assured
 100% savings on all auxiliary
 Lighter and stronger materials
materials used, such as nails, wire,
 Unaffected by weather conditions
wooden boards for carpentry work,
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1. Foundations
 DIS-ADVANTAGES COMPARED TO THE TRADITIONAL
SYSTEMS
 Demand heavy duty transportation
 Proper care and experience are required during their
transportation and assembling in order to avoid any
chance of damage.
 Pike length can be subject to the method of
transportation

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To be
continued… 18
2. FLOORS

RCC SLABS
 This type of slabs are used for
support conditions in buildings.
 RCC Slabs whose thickness ranges
from 10 to 50 centimeters are most
often used for the construction of
floors and ceilings.
 Thin RCC slabs are also used for
exterior paving purposes.
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2. FLOORS

Benefits of precast concrete floor

 It does not require formwork.
 Time is saved for concrete to be cured in the formwork.
 Superior quality control.
 Number of works is also reduced in terms of in-situ concrete
construction.
 The process becomes rapid for finishing of construction
project.
 Fire resistance ratings usually remain among 1 & 2 hours.
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2. FLOORS

Pre stressed hollow core slabs

 Also known as a voided slab,
hollow core plank, or simply a
concrete plank
 Typically used in the construction
of floors in multi-story buildings.
 Hollow core slabs can be used with
concrete constructed walls, brick
built walls, steel structures,
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2. FLOORS

Benefits of precast hollow floors

 Cutback in concrete volume utilized, weight of reinforcement
& size of foundation.
 Inexpensive as compared to composite floors.
 In-situ concrete is not necessary.
 Units are self centering, no temporary support is required.
 Construction period is curtailed.

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2. FLOORS

Pre stressed solid slabs

 Is a customized, loosely
reinforced, full concrete slab that
is used in residential and industrial
construction.
 Mounting parts, such as electrical
outlets, wiring, openings, etc. or
even heating conduits can be
previously installed in the solid
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2. FLOORS

Double Tee slabs

 Is a load-bearing structure that
resembles two T-beams connected side
by side.
 The strong bond of the flange and the
two webs creates a structure that is
capable of withstanding high loads
while having a long span.
 Applied in roofing, parking and
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2. FLOORS

Waffle slabs
 Is a concrete slab made of
reinforced concrete with
concrete ribs running in two
directions on its underside
 Waffle slabs are preferred for
spans greater than 12 m.
 They are used in the areas where
less number of columns are
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2. FLOORS

Benefits of Waffle slabs Dis-adv. of Waffle slabs

 Long spans are achieved without  Require grater floor height
repetitive columns in the space.  Costly formwork
 Greater load carrying capacity  Require skilled labor
 Saving on weight and material  Difficulty in maintenance
(economical)  Not suitable in highly
 Good vibration control capacity windy areas
 Attractive soffit appearance when
exposed
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3. WALLS

Load bearing external walls

 Constructed to support the above
slab or other building elements
in a structure.
 These walls are generally 125
mm to 200 mm thick.
 The thickness depends on the
load pattern.

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3. WALLS
Non-load-bearing walls
 These walls hold up only
themselves.
 This type of wall is used to
close in a steel or concrete
frame building.
 These walls serve as
partition walls
 These walls are generally 50
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4. BEAMS
Beams
 Beams are typically considered structural
components and are made in one of three
key shapes:
 Rectangular
 Inverted Tee Beams
 L-Beams
 Beams are horizontal components that
support deck members like double tees,
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4. BEAMS
Beams
 They can be reinforced with either
prestressing strand or conventional
reinforcing bars.
 This will depend on the spans,
loading conditions, and the precast
producer’s preferred production
methods.

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4. BEAMS

L-Beams
 L Beams are a structural element for
small load applications or as a
supporting component on a larger load
application
 They’re compact and lightweight
 Provide more strength than a flat beam

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4. BEAMS

Inverted Tee (T)-Beams

 Are prestressed concrete elements
that have a constant cross section.
 They are manufactured using high
tensile strength prestressed wires or
single wire which are embedded
within the element.

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5. COLUMNS
 They generally are designed as
multilevel components ranging from a
single story to six levels or more.
 Sizes and shapes can vary to satisfy
both architectural and structural
requirements.
 The main types of precast columns
are:
 Edge columns
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Next: DRY
CONSTRUCTIONS

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