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10.3 Alkanes With Substituents

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20 views16 pages

10.3 Alkanes With Substituents

Uploaded by

garciajeremiah070
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 10 Introduction to Organic

Chemistry: Alkanes
10.3
Alkanes with Substituents

1
Isomers of Butane

Isomers
• have the same
molecular formula.
• have different atom
arrangements.
• of butane (C4H10) are a
straight chain and a
branched chain.

2
Alkyl groups
Alkyl groups are
• alkanes that are missing one H.
• substituents attached to carbon chains.
• named with a –yl ending.

H C CH3 methyl

H
H H

H C C CH3 CH2 ethyl

H H
3
Naming Substituents

TABLE 10.6
In the IUPAC system,
• a carbon branch is
named as an alkyl
group.
• halogen atoms are
named as halo.

4
Alkanes with Substituents

CH3

CH3 CH CH3 methylpropane

methyl groups
CH3 CH3

CH3 CH CH2 CH CH3 2,4-dimethylpentane

5
Naming Alkanes
Give the name of CH3 CH3
 
CH3─CH─CH─CH3

STEP 1 Name the longest continuous chain.


CH3 CH3
 
CH3─CH─CH─CH3

butane

6
Naming Alkanes
Give the name of CH3 CH3
 
CH3─CH─CH─CH3

STEP 2 Number chain. CH3 CH3


 
CH3─CH─CH─CH3
1 2 3 4
STEP 3 Locate substituents and name.
2,3-dimethylbutane
7
Learning Check

Write the name of

Cl CH3
 
CH3─CH2─CH─CH─CH3

8
Solution

STEP 1 Longest chain is pentane.

STEP 2 Number chain from end nearest substituent.


Cl CH3
 
CH3─CH2─CH─CH─CH3
5 4 3 2 1

STEP 3 Locate substituents and name alphabetically.


3-chloro-2-methylpentane

9
Learning Check

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following:

A. CH3 CH3
| |
CH3─CH─CH2 ─CH─CH3

B. Cl CH3
| |
CH3─CH2─CH─CH2─C─CH2─CH3
|
Cl

10
Solution

A. CH3 CH3
| |
CH3─CH─CH2 ─CH─CH3 2,4-dimethylpentane
1 2 3 4 5

B. Cl CH3 more substituents = C3


| |
CH3─CH2─CH─CH2─C─CH2─CH3
|
Cl
7 6 5 4 3 2 1

3,5-dichloro-3-methylheptane

11
Learning Check

Draw the condensed structural formula for


2-bromo-4-chlorobutane.

12
Solution
2-bromo-4-chlorobutane
STEP 1 Longest chain has 4 carbon atoms.
C─C─C─C
STEP 2 Number chain and add substituents.
Br

C ─ C ─ C ─ C ─ Cl
1 2 3 4
STEP 3 Add hydrogen to complete 4 bonds to each C.
Br

CH3─CH─CH2─CH2─Cl

13
Naming Cycloalkanes with
Substituents
The name of a substituent is placed in front of the
cycloalkane name.

methylcyclobutane CH3

chlorocyclopentane Cl

14
Learning Check

Name each of the following.

1. CH3

CH2─CH3
2.

15
Solution

Name each of the following.

1. methylcyclopropane

2. ethylcyclohexane

16

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