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Chapter 7 Solutions: 7.5 Molarity and Dilution

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324 views24 pages

Chapter 7 Solutions: 7.5 Molarity and Dilution

Uploaded by

garciajeremiah070
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Chapter 7 Solutions

7.5
Molarity and Dilution

1
Molarity (M)
Molarity (M) is

• a concentration term for solutions.

• gives the moles of solute in 1 L solution.

• moles of solute
liter of solution

2
Preparing a 1.0 Molar Solution
A 1.00 M NaCl solution is prepared
• by weighing out 58.5 g NaCl (1.00 mole) and
• adding water to make 1.00 liter of solution.

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.


Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

3
Calculation of Molarity
What is the molarity of 0.500 L NaOH solution if it
contains 6.00 g NaOH?

STEP 1 Given 6.00 g NaOH in 0.500 L solution


Need molarity (mole/L)

STEP 2 Plan g NaOH mole NaOH molarity

4
Calculation of Molarity (cont.)

STEP 3 Conversion factors 1 mole NaOH = 40.0 g


1 mole NaOH and 40.0 g NaOH
40.0 g NaOH 1 mole NaOH

STEP 4 Calculate molarity.


6.00 g NaOH x 1 mole NaOH = 0.150 mole
40.0 g NaOH
0.150 mole = 0.300 mole = 0.300 M NaOH
0.500 L 1L

5
Learning Check

What is the molarity of 325 mL of a solution containing


46.8 g of NaHCO3?

1) 0.557 M
2) 1.44 M
3) 1.71 M

6
Solution

3) 1.71 M
46.8 g NaHCO3 x 1 mole NaHCO3 = 0.557 mole NaHCO3
84.0 g NaHCO3

0.557 mole NaHCO3 = 1.71 M NaHCO3


0.325 L

7
Learning Check

What is the molarity of 225 mL of a KNO3 solution


containing 34.8 g KNO3?

1) 0.344 M
2) 1.53 M
3) 15.5 M

8
Solution

2) 1.53 M
34.8 g KNO3 x 1 mole KNO3 = 0.344 mole KNO3
101.1 g KNO3

M = mole = 0.344 mole KNO3 = 1.53 M


L 0.225 L
In one setup:
34.8 g KNO3 x 1 mole KNO3 x 1 = 1.53 M
101.1 g KNO3 0.225 L

9
Molarity Conversion Factors

The units of molarity are used as conversion factors in


calculations with solutions.

TABLE 7.8

10
Calculations Using Molarity

How many grams of KCl are needed to prepare 125 mL


of a 0.720 M KCl solution?

STEP 1 Given 125 mL (0.125 L) of 0.720 M KCl


Need Grams of KCl

STEP 2 Plan L KCl moles KCl g KCl

11
Calculations Using Molarity
STEP 3 Conversion factors
1 mole KCl = 74.6 g
1 mole KCl and 74.6 g KCl
74.6 g KCl 1 mole KCl

1 L KCl = 0.720 mole KCl


1L and 0.720 mole KCl
0.720 mole KCl 1L

STEP 4 Calculate grams.


0.125 L x 0.720 mole KCl x 74.6 g KCl = 6.71 g KCl
1L 1 mole KCl
12
Learning Check

How many grams of AlCl3 are needed to prepare


125 mL of a 0.150 M solution?

1) 20.0 g AlCl3
2) 16.7g AlCl3
3) 2.50 g AlCl3

13
Solution

3) 2.50 g AlCl3

0.125 L x 0.150 mole x 133.5 g = 2.50 g AlCl3


1L 1 mole

14
Learning Check

How many milliliters of 2.00 M HNO3 contain 24.0 g HNO3?

1) 12.0 mL
2) 83.3 mL
3) 190. mL

15
Solution

24.0 g HNO3 x 1 mole HNO3 x 1000 mL =


63.0 g HNO3 2.00 mole HNO3
Molarity factor inverted

= 190. mL HNO3

16
Dilution
In a dilution
• water is added.
• volume increases.
• concentration decreases.

17
Comparing Initial and Diluted
Solutions
In the initial and diluted solution,
• the moles of solute are the same.
• the concentrations and volumes are related by
the following equations:
For percent concentration:
C1V1 = C2V2
initial diluted
For molarity:
M1V1 = M2V2
initial diluted

18
Dilution Calculations with Percent

What volume of a 2.00% (m/v) HCl solution can be


prepared by diluting 25.0 mL of 14.0% (m/v) HCl solution?
Prepare a table:
C1= 14.0% (m/v) V1 = 25.0 mL
C2= 2.00% (m/v) V2 = ?
Solve dilution equation for unknown and enter values:
C1V1 = C2V2

V2 = V1C1 = (25.0 mL)(14.0%) = 175 mL


C2 2.00%

19
Learning Check

What is the percent (% m/v) of a solution prepared


by diluting 10.0 mL of 9.00% NaOH to 60.0 mL?

20
Solution

What is the percent (%m/v) of a solution prepared


by diluting 10.0 mL of 9.00% NaOH to 60.0 mL?
Prepare a table:
C1= 9.00 %(m/v) V1 = 10.0 mL
C2= ? V2 = 60.0 mL
Solve dilution equation for unknown and enter values:
C1V1 = C2V2

C2 = C1 V1 = (10.0 mL)(9.00%) = 1.50% (m/v)


V2 60.0 mL

21
Dilution Calculations with Molarity

What is the molarity (M) of a solution prepared


by diluting 0.180L of 0.600 M HNO3 to 0.540 L?
Prepare a table:
M1= 0.600 MV1 = 0.180 L
M2 = ? V2 = 0.540 L
Solve dilution equation for unknown and enter values:
M1V1 = M2V2

M2 = M1V1 = (0.600 M)(0.180 L) = 0.200 M


V2 0.540 L

22
Learning Check

What is the final volume (mL) of 15.0 mL of a 1.80 M


KOH diluted to give a 0.300 M solution?

1) 27.0 mL
2) 60.0 mL
3) 90.0 mL

23
Solution

What is the final volume (mL) of 15.0 mL of a 1.80 M


KOH diluted to give a 0.300 M solution?
Prepare a table:
M1= 1.80 M V1 = 15.0 mL
M2= 0.300 M V2 = ?
Solve dilution equation for V2 and enter values:
M1V1 = M2V2

V2 = M1V1 = (1.80 M)(15.0 mL) = 90.0 mL


M2 0.300 M

24

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