ENG 111: LESSON 1

Basic Sentence
Pattern
PREPARED BY: MA. THERESA B.
WAGE
Lesson Objectives
The students should be able to know
the basic sentence patterns in English
grammar.

The students should be able to

identify the subject and verb of a
sentence.

The students should be able to

determine what sentence pattern is
used in a sentence.
 Lesson Content

Introduction Basic Sentence Patterns Task

Elements of Discussion of the sentence Practice

sentence patterns. patterns in English grammar. through a
quiz.
 Introduction
In English, sentences often follow a similar
structure: subject, verb, and object. This
pattern allows a person to know the topic of
the sentence, what action is being performed,
and the effect of that action.
Subject
A subject is either performing the action of the
sentence or experiencing a state of being.

Examples:
• Rosa and Samira listened attentively.
• Jennifer walked to the store.
• After lunch, I will call my mother.
Verb
A verb is a word that expresses an action or a
state of being of a subject in a sentence.

Examples:
• Rosa and Samira listened attentively.
• Jennifer walked to the store.
 Transitive and Intransitive Verb
An intransitive verb does not have an A transitive verb has an object.
object.
Ex:
Ex: He makes cakes and cookies.
Grandma is awake.
 Direct Object
Who The direct object receives the action of the
t
ha

sentence. The direct object is usually a noun or

? pronoun.
W
?

It answers the question of who or what.

Examples:
• The man builds a house.
• The man builds it.
Indirect Object o
F ?r
h o m

wh
To
The indirect object indicates to whom or for whom
the action of the sentence is being done. The indirect w

om
object is usually a noun or pronoun.

?
Examples:
• The man builds his family a house.
• The man builds them a house.
Subject Complement
A subject complement either renames or describes the
subject, and therefore is usually a noun, pronoun, or
adjective.
Subject complements occur when there is a linking verb
within the sentence (often a linking verb is a form of the
verb to be).
Examples:
• The man is a good father.
• The man seems kind.
• Ben is a policeman
• He became a famous writer.
Object Complement
An object complement is a noun, a pronoun, or an
adjective that follows a direct object to rename it or
state what it has become.

Example:
• I can make John available.
• I found the guard sleeping.
• I found the guard sleeping in the barn.
Object Complement
 Basic Sentence Patterns
1. Subject + Intransitive Verb
2. Subject + Transitive Verb + Direct Object
3. Subject + Transitive Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object
4. Subject + Linking Verb + Subject Complement
5. Subject + Linking Verb + Direct Object + Object Complement
 S - IV
This pattern follows the sequence: subject and intransitive verb.

An intransitive verb is a verb that does not have a direct object. That is, there
is no word in the sentence that indicates who or what received the verb's
action.

Let's take a look at this example:

The vase fell.

S C
The subject is the The intransitive verb
"vase." is "fell."
S-IV SUBJECT - INTRANSITIVE VERB
Pattern
Maria cooperated involuntarily.
S IV

Note: An intransitive verb is a verb

without a direct object.
• She swims.
• The book fell.
• Peter sneezed.

• He prays every day.

• Students should study every night.

• She reads silently.

S-IV
Pattern
 S - TV - DO
This pattern follows the sequence: subject, transitive verb, and direct object.

A transitive verb is a verb that uses a direct object, which shows who or what
receives the action in a sentence. A direct object provides an answer to the
question of who(m) or what.

Let's take a look at this example:

Rosa ate the cake.

S TV DO
The subject is The transitive verb is The direct object is
"Rosa." "ate." "cake."
S-TV-DO SUBJECT - TRANSITIVE VERB - DIRECT
Pattern
OBJECT

The students helped the barangay.

S TV DO
Note: A transitive verb is a verb that
requires both a subject and a direct object.
• Someone ate my sandwich.

• Mikko reads the dictionary for pleasure.

• The campers fear the bears.

• The board showed their approval.

• I played the piano.

S-TV-DO
Pattern
 S - TV - IO - DO
This pattern follows the sequence: subject, transitive verb, indirect object,
and direct object.

An indirect object is the word or phrase that receives the direct

object.

Let's take a look at this example:

Rosa gave me a pen.

S TV IO DO
The subject is The transitive verb is The indirect object is The direct object is
"Rosa." "gave." "me." "pen."
S-TV-IO-DO SUBJECT - TRANSITIVE VERB -
Pattern INDIRECT OBJECT - DIRECT OBJECT

Liza gave the children gifts.

S TV IO DO
NOTE: Indirect object is a word or phrase that
receives the direct object.
• Mom will paint Gabriel a picture.

• He will give Mrs. Perez the message.

• Yvann surprised his sister with a reward.

• I teach the students English.

• Pearl sent Tom a book.

S-TV-IO-DO
Pattern
 S - LV - SC
This pattern follows the sequence: subject, linking verb, and Subject
complement.

Linking verbs are the connecting verbs between the subject and the
complement. Subject Complements can either be nouns, pronouns, or
adjectives and often follow a linking verb.

Let's take a look at this example:

Rosa is smart.

S LV C
The subject is The linking verb is The complement is
"Rosa." "is." "smart."
S-LV-SC
Pattern

SUBJECT - LINKING VERB - SUBJECT COMPLEMENT

NOTE: Linking verbs is, are, am, was, were, seems, looks,
smells, feels, go.
S-LV-PN SUBJECT - LINKING VERB - PREDICATE

Pattern
NOMINATIVE

Teachers are our second parents.

S LV PN
Note: A predicate nominative renames or predicate
noun completes a linking verb and renames the
subject.
• Anne is the boss.

• Whales and sharks are mammals.

• The girl should be the captain.

• My mother is a teacher.

• Philippines is the “Pearl of the Orient Seas.”

S-LV-PN
Pattern
S-LV-PA SUBJECT - LINKING VERB - PREDICATE
Pattern ADJECTIVE

Her pies are very sweet.

S LV PA
Note: A predicate adjective follows a linking
verb and describes the subject.
• His behavior has been outrageous.

• Niña is so beautiful.

• That garbage on the street smells bad.

• He is honest.

• The man was very accommodating.

S-LV-PA
Pattern
 S - TV – DO - OC
This pattern follows the sequence: subject, transitive verb, direct object, and
object complement.

An object complement is a noun, pronoun, or adjective which

follows a direct object and renames it or tells what a direct object
has become.

Let's take a look at this example:

The child made her mother happy.

S TV DO OC
The subject is “the The transitive verb is The direct object is The object complement
child." “made." “mother." is “happy."
S-TV-DO-OC SUBJECT - TRANSITIVE VERB - DIRECT
Pattern OBJECT - OBJECT COMPLEMENT

He called the cashier beautiful.

S TV DO OC

Note: An object complement is a noun, pronoun, or adjective which follows a

direct object and renames it or tells what a direct object has become.
• The class elected Nadine president.

• Cathy cuts her hair short.

• Some pet owners consider their dogs their children.

• Many people find martial arts challenging.

S-TV-DO-OC
Pattern
Do you have any
questions?
 Let's Practice! 1. The student taught her classmate the answer.

Determine the sentence pattern of the 2. They cooked meals for the trip.
following sentences on the right.
3. She teaches English.

4. He gave him the money.

5. They painted the house blue.

Thank you for
listening!