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Lesson 5

This lesson is about the second law of motion.

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MARY GRACE B. BACASON
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33 views53 pages

Lesson 5

This lesson is about the second law of motion.

Uploaded by

MARY GRACE B. BACASON
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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QUARTER 1

LESSON 5
•When the velocity of a moving
object changes, we describe
the motion as one with
acceleration.
FORCE AND ACCELERATION
• FORCE is a push or pull.
• Acceleration is when the motion of the
an object changes.
Examples:
speed up
slow down
changes direction
MASS is the amount of matter in an
object.
WHAT IS ACCELERATION?

•SPEED is the rate of change of


position.
•ACCELERATION is the rate of
change in VELOCITY
Does moving Ferris Wheel
demonstrate acceleration? Why or
why not?

• YES! The Ferris


Wheel constantly
changes its direction,
so it is accelerating
Does this picture demonstrate
acceleration? Why or why not?

• YES! The
baseball’s
direction of travel
has changed as
well as its speed.
Does this picture demonstrate
acceleration? Why or why not?

•YES! The
horses change
their speeds
dramatically
from zero.
Does this picture demonstrate
acceleration? Why or why not?

• YES! The car slowed


down when it hit the
pole, thus changing
its speed negatively!
HOW IS ACCELERATION MEASURED?

• Acceleration is a measure of speed in a certain


time. So the units include both speed and time
units.
• For example:
m/s2
(sometimes written m/s/s)
HOW TO CALCULATE ACCELERATION
• Since acceleration is a change in velocity
over time, the formula looks like this:
SPEEDING UP OR SLOWING DOWN?

• When a car speeds up,


that is positive
acceleration.
• When a car slows down,
that is negative
acceleration or
deceleration.
POSITIVE ACCELERATION
• A motorcycle starts
at rest and
accelerates to 80
m/s in 20 seconds.
• a= (Vf-Vi)/ t
=( 80 m/s – 0
m/s) / 20 s
a= 4 m/s2
NEGATIVE ACCELERATION/
DECELERATION
• A skateboarder moves in a
straight line at 3 m/s and
comes to a stop in 2 s
a= (Vf-Vi)/ t
= ( 0 m/s – 3 m/s ) / 2 s
= -1.5 m/s2
If the net force acting on an object is
constant, its velocity changes at a
constant rate over time.

•It is moving with constant


acceleration
But if the force acting on the other object
is changed, its acceleration will also
change.
•When the net force is doubled,
acceleration is also doubled.
•When it is tripled, acceleration
is also tripled.
We can therefore say that at constant mass, the
acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the
magnitude of the unbalanced force (F) acting on it.

MATHEMATICALLY EXPRESSED AS:


a= kF
Where k= mass
What if the mass of the object is changed and the force is
kept constant? Acceleration also varies with the mass of
the object. As the mass of the object increases, with the
same amount of force applied, its acceleration decreases.

This relationship can also be expressed as:


a= k ( 1/m)
Where k=net force
If you combine these two
relationships, you would come up with
this relationship:
Acceleration = Net Force/ Mass
a= Fnet/ m
Rearranged as:
Fnet= ma
Force is expressed in newton (N)
1 newton (N) = 1 kg. m/s2
Newton’s second law of motion is
expressed through the equation:

∑ 𝐹⃗ = 𝑚𝑎⃗

stands for the algebraic sum. ∑ 𝐹⃗ stands for the net


Recall from Module 1 that the symbol ∑ (sigma)

and 𝑎⃗ for its acceleration.


force acting on the object, m for mass of the object

The arrow above the letters F and a indicates that


both have magnitude and direction.
•Units of FORCE = Newtons (N)
•SI units for mass is kg
•SI units for acceleration is m/s 2

1 Newton (N) = 1 kg * m/s2


GRAVITY & WEIGHT

• GRAVITY is the force of


attraction that exists
between any two
objects that have mass.
• The force of gravity
depends on the mass of
the objects and the
distance between them.
GRAVITY & WEIGHT
• WEIGHT is the force, like the push of your
hand is a force, is measured in Newtons.
• The force of gravity that causes all
objects near Earth’s surface to fall with
an acceleration is 9.8 m/s2
• Yourweight on Earth is the gravitational
force between you and Earth.
GRAVITY & WEIGHT
• How are weight and mass different?
• Weight is a force, like the push of
your
hand is a force, and is measured in
newtons.
• Mass is the amount of matter in an
object, and doesn’t depend on location.
• Weight will vary with location, but mass
will remain constant.
Law of Acceleration

• “theacceleration of an object is directly


proportional to the net force acting on it
and is inversely proportional to the
object’s mass. The direction of the
acceleration is in the direction of the net
force acting on the object.”
Newton’s 2 nd
Law

• Newton’s Second Law


states: an object acted
upon by unbalanced
force will accelerate in
the direction of the force.
• If you kick the ball, its
starts moving.
• The ball accelerates only
while your foot is in
contact with the ball.
The acceleration of an objects depends directly upon
the net force acting upon the object, and inversely
upon the mass of the object.

• As the force acting upon an object is


increased, the acceleration of the
object is increased.
• As the mass of an object is
increased, the acceleration of the
object is decreased.
NEWTON’s 2nd Law proves that different
masses accelerates to the earth at the
same rate, but with different forces.
• We know that objects
with different masses
accelerate to the
ground at the same
rate.
• However, because if
the 2nd Law we know
that they don’t hit
the ground with the
same force.
Sample problem 1.
A 1000.0 kg truck is traveling at an acceleration of
4.5000 m/s2, East. Find the net force needed to accelerate
the truck.
Given: 𝑎⃗ = 4.5000 m/s2, East
𝑚 = 1000.0 𝑘𝑔
Required: ∑ 𝐹⃗.
Equation: ∑ 𝐹⃗ = 𝑚𝑎⃗
Solution:
∑ 𝐹⃗ = 𝑚𝑎⃗
∑ 𝐹⃗ = (1000.0 𝑘𝑔)(4.5000 m/s2)
Answer: ∑ 𝐹⃗ = 4500.0 𝑘𝑔 ∙ m/s2 𝑜𝑟 4500.0 𝑁, East.
Sample problem 2.
A boy rolls a 200 g baseball horizontally on the floor with a
net force of 2 N to the right. What is the acceleration of the
baseball?
Given: 𝑚 = 200 𝑔 = 0.2 𝑘𝑔 (notice the conversion of unit)
𝐹⃗ = 2 𝑁, to the right
Required: 𝑎⃗
Equation: 𝑎⃗ = ∑ 𝐹⃗ / m
Solution:

𝑎⃗ = ∑ 𝐹⃗ / m
= 2 kg. m/s2 / (0.2 𝑘𝑔)
Sample problem 3
A box is pushed with an applied force of 20 N parallel to the floor. It
accelerated at 1.50 m/s2 to the right. A parallel applied force of 10
N on the opposite side slowed down the motion of the box.
Neglecting friction, what is the mass of the box?
Given: 𝑎⃗ = 1.50 𝑚/𝑠2, to the right;
FA = 20 N, FB = -10 N;
Required: m
Equation: m = ∑ 𝐹⃗ / 𝑎⃗
Solution: m= ∑ 𝐹⃗ / 𝑎⃗
= FA + FB / 1.50 𝑚/𝑠2CONVERSION: 10 N x kg. 𝑚/𝑠2
/ N = 10 kg. 𝑚/𝑠2
=( 20 N + (-10 N) ) / 1.50 𝑚/𝑠2
= 10 kg. 𝑚/𝑠2 / 1.50 𝑚/𝑠2
LET’S PERFORM ACTIVITY 5 “Newton’s Second
Law of Motion: Law of Acceleration”
accelerates at 8.0 . 𝑚/𝑠2 when a student
1. The teachers table with a mass of 5.0 kg

pushed it to the other side of the room. What


is the amount of the force applied by the
student? ______________________
2. A box full of books with a mass of 1500 g (grams)
accelerates at 10.0 m/s2 after it was pulled. What is the
amount of the force applied to the box?
3. The chair accelerates at 12.0 m/s2
when a force of 6.0 Newton is applied to
it. What is the mass of the chair?
4. The broom box accelerates 5.0 m/s2
when a force of 20.0 Newton is applied to
it. What is the mass of the broom box?
5. A pail of water with a mass of 3.0 kg
was lifted with a force of 9.0 Newton. What
is the resulting acceleration of the object?
6.A bag with a mass of 3.2 kg was transferred to
another chair with a force 7.3 Newton applied to it.
What is the resulting acceleration of the bag?
LET’s CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

What is the relationship between


mass and acceleration?
What about force and mass?
A ten-wheeler truck and PUJ
both traveling at 20 kph.
•Which of the two vehicles will
require more force to stop? Why?
QUIZ
• Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. A guava with a mass of 0.200
kg has a weight of
______________________.

•A. 0.200 N C.
4.50 N
•B. 1.96 N D.
10.0 N
2. A stone hits the ground before a flat
sheet of paper because ___________.
A. it is less massive
B. it is more massive
C. the acceleration of gravity is
greater on the stone
D. there is more air resistance
against the flat paper
3. If the mass of an object is 45 kg on
Earth, what is its mass on the moon?

A. 45 N C. 441 N
B. 45 kg D. 441 kg
4. According to the second law of motion, the net
force is the product of mass and acceleration. Which
of the following has the greatest acceleration?

A. A 5.000 kg stone is pulled with a 10 N net force.


B. A 0.5000 kg toy car is pulled with a 9 N net force.
C. A 7.000 kg metal ball is pushed by a 17 N net force.
D. A 500.0 kg truck is accelerated by 1000 N net force
from its engine.
5. In a grocery store, you can easily push a cart with 5
kg sack of rice than a cart with a 10 kg sack of rice to
the counter. Which of these explains the situation?

A. Law of Inertia
B. Law of Interaction
C. Law of Acceleration
D. Law of Universal Gravitation
HOMEWORK
PROBLEM-SOLVING
Directions: Solve what is asked using GRESA to show your solution
and answer.
1. How much force is needed to transfer a 30 kg balikbayan box to a
height of 10 meters?
2. Determine the force applied on a 20 kg object that moves at a rate
of 0.5 m/s2. How much force is applied to the wood?
3. A bullet is fired and hits on a 25 kg block of wood and moves into
2.0 m/s2. How much force is applied to the wood?
4. A student drops 2.0 kg of ice water on the floor of the Science
building. How much force will be exerted on the ice water upon
impact on the ground?
5. A 300 kg boat floats on the water. How much upward force will the
water apply to the boat?

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