MEDIA AND INFORMATION

LANGUAGES
 LEARNING
COMPETENCIES:
AT THE END OF THE LESSON, THE LEANER SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

1 2
Evaluate media and Produce and assess
information with the codes,
regard to codes, convention, and
convention, and messages of an
messages in regards output.
with audience,
producers, and other
stakeholders; and
 INTRODUCTION
The audience pertains to a group of
spectators in a public event. They
could also be the readers of different
print media, TV viewers, movie, and
Internet users. Producers of media
target these audiences by catering to
their interests and providing platforms
that would suit their needs and
preferences.
Stakeholders, a group of people
or organization that has the same
interest or concern with a
particular group. This group's
objectives, policies, and actions
should meet and satisfy the needs
of stakeholders, and take their
interests or concerns into
consideration.
The audience of different media
platforms can also be considered as
stakeholders since they are the direct
beneficiaries of what the media
produce. Producers regard the audience
and the stakeholders as valued clients
or customers who patronize what they
offer. Therefore, producers ought to
provide them with what they need.
 PRODUCERS OF MEDIA
Authors and
journalists deliver news Broadcast media
and other information to includes TV, radio, and
the readers, may it be on film.
print or via the internet.
Directors create films,
TV programs, and radio
Editors collaborate with shows, and work
them to ensure that the alongside talents or
materials are well performers so that they
organized and free from could provide viewers
content and grammatical with quality shows.
errors.
 GUIDELINES FOR MEDIA
PRODUCERS
Based on the recommendations from the
1947 Hutchins Commission, guidelines
for journalists and broadcasters
were set so that they would have
accountability in their profession.
Later on, the 1947 Hutchins Commission
became known as the Commission on
Freedom of the Press.
Guidelines for media producers from the
report of the Commission on Freedom
Press:
1. As professionals, they have an
obligation to society to use their
freedom of expression responsibly.
They should not abuse this freedom,
or use this power for exploitation or
self-interest.
2. They should prioritize the welfare
of the society over their careers.
 Guidelines for media producers from the
report of the Commission on Freedom
Press:
3. They should present news that is
accurate, objective and meaningful.
4. They should express unbiased
points of view, comments, and
criticisms.
5. They should represent
marginalized people like the
minority groups.
 CODES OF ETHICS FOR MEDIA
PRODUCERS
CODES ETHICS
— a set of standards, — is a set of values
rules or policies that observed by an
practitioners of an individual based on
organization should cultural or personal
observe. Following principles. Therefore
these codes will the codes of ethics
maintain serve as a guide for
professionalism and professionals on how
ensure that tasks will they should properly
be carried out conduct their work.
 SPJ CODE OF ETHICS
Members of society of professional journalists
believe that public enlightenment is the
forerunner of justice and the foundation of
democracy. The duty of the journalist is to
further those ends by seeking truth and
providing a fair and comprehensive account of
events and issues. Journalists from all media
and specialties strive to serve the public with
thoroughness and honesty. Professional
integrity is the basis of a journalist’s credibility.
 SEEK TRUTH AND REPORT IT
Journalists should be honest, fair and courageous
in gathering, reporting, and interpreting
information.
Test the accuracy of Identify sources whenever
information from all sources feasible. The public is
and practice care to avoid entitled to as much
error. Intentionally lying or information as possible on
twisting is never allowed.
JOURNALISTS sources’ reliability.
SHOULD:
Diligently seek out Always question sources'
subjects of new stories to motives before promising
anonymity. Clarify conditions
give them the opportunity attached to any promise made
to respond to allegations in exchange for information.
of wrongdoing. Keep promises.
 JOURNALISTS
SHOULD:
Make certain that Avoid undercover or
headlines, news secret methods of
teases and gathering information
promotional except when traditional
material, photos, open methods will not
video, audio, and yield information vital
quotations do not to the public. Use of
such methods should
misrepresent. They be explained as a part
should not of the story.
oversimplify or
highlight incidents
Never plagiarize
Never twist the content Tell the story of the
of news, photos, or diversity of the
videos. Image human experience
enhancement for boldly, even when it
technical clarity is is unpopular to do so.
always permissible.SHOULD:
JOURNALISTS

Avoid misleading re- Examine their own

enactments or staged cultural values and
news events. If re-
enactment is
avoid imposing
necessary to tell a those values on
story, label it. others.
 Avoid stereotyping by Give voice to the
race, gender, age, voiceless; official
religion, ethnicity,
geography, sexual
and unofficial
orientation, disability, sources of
physical appearanceJOURNALISTS
or information can be
social status. SHOULD: equally valid.
Support the open Distinguish news
exchange of from advertising
views, even views and shun hybrids
they find that blur the lines
repugnant. between the two.
 JOURNALISTS
SHOULD:

Distinguish Recognize a special

between advocacy obligation to ensure
and news that the public's
reporting. Analysis business is
conducted in the
and commentary open and that the
should be labeled government records
and not are open to
misrepresent fact inspection.
 MINIMIZE
Ethical journalists treat sources, subjects and colleagues
HARM
as human beings deserving of respect.

Show compassion for

Be sensitive those who may be
when seeking or affected adversely by
using interviews news coverage. Use
or photographs special sensitivity
of those when dealing with
children and
affected by JOURNALIST
SHOULD
inexperienced sources
Recognize that private Recognize that
people have a greater gathering and
right to control reporting
information about information may
themselves than the cause harm or
public officials and
discomfort. Pursuit
others who seek power,
of the news is not a
influence or attention.
Only an overriding license for
JOURNALIST
public need can justify arrogance.
SHOULD
 Be judicious about
Show good
naming criminal
taste. Avoid
suspects before the

JOURNALIST
pandering formal filing of

SHOUD
to lurid charges. Balance a
Becuriosity.
cautious criminal suspect's
about identifying fair trial rights with
juvenile the public's right to
suspects or be informed..
victims of sex
 ACT INDEPENDENTLY
Journalists should be free of obligation to any interest
other than the public's right to know.
Avoid conflicts of Refuse gifts, favors, free
interest, real or
travel and special
perceived.
treatment, and shun
secondary employment.
Remain free of
political involvement, public
associations and
office and service in
activities that may
community organizations if
compromise
integrity or damage they compromise
 Deny favored treatment to
Disclose advertisers and special
unavoidable interests and resist their
conflicts
pressure to influence news
coverage.
Be vigilant and
courageous Be wary of sources
about offering information for
holding those favors or money, avoid
with power bidding for news
accountable.
 BE ACCOUNTABLE
Journalists are accountable to their readers, listeners, viewers and
each other.

Clarify and explain news coverage and invite

dialogue with the public over journalistic
conduct Encourage the public to voice
grievances against the news media.

Admit mistakes and correct them promptly.

Expose unethical practices of journalists
and the news media.

Abide by the same high standards to which

they hold others.
Evaluation of Messages from Media
Producers Based on the Codes and
Conventions
Codes -are systems of signs, which create
meaning. Codes can be divided into two
categories - technical and symbolic.

Technical codes -are all the ways in which

equipment is used to tell the story in a media
text, for example the camera work in a film
Evaluation of Messages from Media
Producers Based on the Codes and
Conventions
Symbolic codes show what is beneath the
surface of what we see. For example, a
character's actions show you how the character
is feeling.
Some codes fit both categories music for
example, is both technical and symbolic.
 Codes can create a system wherein media
providers and producers offer platforms
that are sensible and meaningful. Without
codes, they could be lured into creating
platforms that are poorly made or offensive
for the sake of earning profit, which may
have adverse effects to its audience and
stakeholders.
 In addition, conventions serve as avenues
for media providers and producers to
discuss how they can improve their craft. It
serves as a place where the government and
its agencies, for example, can address
problems or issues so they can be discussed
to meet the needs of the audience and
stakeholders. At the end of the convention,
participants are able to come up with
acceptable and practical solutions to
 Any
questions?
THANK
YOU !