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What Is Research

4 research

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Dr. Gaurav Yadav
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17 views13 pages

What Is Research

4 research

Uploaded by

Dr. Gaurav Yadav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMMUNICATION RESEARCH

Dr. GAURAV YADAV


Associate Professor,
Journalism and Mass Communication
Communication Research

Concept and Definition


Is research only the?
 Collection of Information and Facts
 Reassembling of Information
 Working on Mysterious Theories
 Getting attention and credibility
Research can help to

 Understand more about issues and


problems
 Find workable solutions
 Work towards that solution
 Evaluate success / failures
Defining Research
 In general the research is systematic investigation into and study of
materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new
conclusions.

 According to (Redman and Mory, 2010)" Research is a movement, a


movement from the known to the unknown.

 According to (Creswell, 2008), "Research is systematic investigation to


establish the facts." In the broadest sense of the word, the definition of
research includes any gathering of data, information and facts for the
advancement of knowledge.

 A detailed study of a subject, especially in order to discover (new)


information or reach a (new) understanding: - Cambridge dictionary
… Defining Research

 “Research is systematic, scientific and


logical procedure which aims to discover
new or verify information or analyze their
cause and effects relationship. It facilitates
in discovering new knowledge, concept
and theories.”
Classification of Research

Research can be classified on the basis


of four following dimensions :
1. Purpose of conducting research
2. Utility of research
3. Availability of resources: time, funds
and manpower
4. Data collection techniques and tools
1. Purpose of conducting research

A. Formulative / Exploratory :
It may be the first stage in a sequence of studies i.e.
exploring a new topic/ issue for research

Goals :
1. Explore basic facts, settings and concerns.
2. Develop new ideas/hypotheses/theories
3. Refine questions and issues

Tools :
Experience surveys, case studies, secondary data, pilot
studies, available data analysis
…Purpose of conducting research

B. Descriptive Research :
To describe characteristics of phenomena and its
relationship

Goals:
1. Study profile of phenomena
2. Collect background information
3. Categories or classify information
4. Clarify stages of steps and processes of events
5. Study relationship of variables

Tools: Data gathering, field research, content analysis


2. Utility of Research
Focuses on solving problems,
advancement of knowledge and study
social realities

A. Basic/ Academic/ Pure/ Fundamental


Research
Developing/ testing new theories/ innovative
ideas/ changes in the society. Basic research
is essential for expansion of knowledge. It is
of great interest to scientists and
researchers.
… Utility of Research
B. Applied Research
To solve specific problems. Theories are not much in
focus. Decisions to be made about real life
problems.
Types of Applied Research
i) Action Research: It is conducted when project is in
action and it abolishes line of difference between
research and action involved in the project.
Action researchers assume that knowledge develops
from experience, particularly the experience of
social-political action.
… Utility of Research
… Types of Applied Research
ii) Impact Assessment Research : Overall research
assessment is done to measure consequences of
change due to an input(s).
iii) Evaluation Research : It measures the effectiveness
of a program, event, policy objectives.
Two types of evaluation research are -
1. Formative : Formative evaluation is built in
monitoring or continuous feedback.
2. Summative : Summative evaluation is undertaken
after the project is completed. Both can go together.
3. Availability of resources: time,
funds and manpower
Keeping this in view research can be divided
in following two categories :
(a) Cross-sectional research : Researcher in
this type of research observes at a particular
time. It can be exploratory or descriptive.

(a) Longitudinal research : It is more complex


and examines the project profile more than
one time.
4. Data collection techniques and tools

Researcher collects data using one or more


techniques. The techniques can be called as
quantitative and qualitative.

 Quantitative : Collecting data in the form of


numbers. The main techniques can be used as
experiments, surveys, content analysis and existing
data.

 Qualitative : Collecting data in the form of words,


pictures and images. The research techniques used
are field research, case study and focus group
discussions.

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