Coin sorting

& counting
machine
Mechatronics Project
 TEAM MEMBERS

Mohammad Aboalfotouh Mohamed Ashraf Hussain Mohamed Khaled Emam Mohamed Gamal Fawzi

Mohamed Gamal Abdelbaset Mohamed Alsayed Abduallah Kareem Mahmoud Hussain

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 CONTENTS

01 Abstract
Designing coin
sorting machine to
02 Applications
Introducing the idea and
where the project Can
03 Tools & technologies
The hardware and software
resources that are used to
improve efficiency work design, develop, and

04
and precision.

05 06
implement the project.
Theory & fundamentals Methodology Findings and results
Project working Implementation steps,
The process of evaluating the
theory Select both procedures, project features,
performance, functionality, and
sensor and actuator Coding and testing
effectiveness

07 Future scope
Establish a mathematical
model and performance
equations for the system
08 References
The sources of information,
data, and literature used to
support the project's research
components
01
Abstract
Designing coin sorting machine to improve efficiency
and precision.
 Abstract
Design and develop a coin sorting machine to improve ARDUINO used as
Beyond coin counting, can
effectiveness of sorting and counting process. The primary regulator, coin
be used in canning and
machine uses IR sensors to detect each coin and count acceptor used as coin
packaging
it using an Arduino Uno microcontroller. And tray box selector to determine coin
machines/factories
to collect coins, and servo motors to flip them to empty denomination and reject
them. The LCD is used to display the number of coins invalid coins
counted.

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02
Applications
Applications where this machine Can be used
 Applications

• This machine can be adapted for

sorting small objects that have
different sizes or shapes

• Sorting and counting food products.

• Packaging pharmaceutical products.

• Sorting and counting machine parts.

• Sorting and counting electronic

components.
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03
Tools & technologies
The hardware and software resources that are used to design, develop, and
implement the project.
 Tools & technologies
PRICE ITEM
-- Arduino Uno + USB Cable
60 Breadboard*2
450 Servo Motor S3003 '3 pcs '
270 IR Sensors
55 LCD (Character LCD 2×16) Blue
45 Serial I2C LCD Daughter Board Module
35 Jumper wires male to male
35 Jumper wires female to male
35 Jumper wires female to female
70 Adapter 5V – 2A for Servos +Female jack
30 Glue Gun + Glue
150 Structure (Cardboard)
1215 Total
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 Tools &
technologies

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 Tools &
technologies

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04
Theory &
fundamentals
Project working, Block Diagram, Circuit, and theory Select both sensor
and actuator
 Theory and
fundamentals
• Proposed system: cost-effective,
customizable, and accurate coin sorting
and counting machine.

• Designed for use by small businesses or

individuals.

• Capable of sorting and counting

multiple coin denominations.

• Utilizes IR sensors and an Arduino Uno

microcontroller for accurate counting.
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 Theory and
fundamentals
• Features tray boxes under each slot to
collect coins.

• Servo motors flip trays 180 degrees to

empty them once the IR sensor count
reaches 3 coins.

• LCD 16*2 display with I2C module

used to display the number of coins
counted.

• Easy to use and maintain.

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 Theory and
fundamentals
• Circuiting

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 Theory and
fundamentals
Sensor
Selection
Sensor selection criteria:
• Non-contact sensing
• High-speed detection
• Versatility
• Reliability
• Cost-effective

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 Theory and
fundamentals
Sensor
The sensors used in this machine must meet the following
Selection
requirements:

• Detect coins of different sizes accurately.

• Produce a signal that can be used to distinguish between small,
medium, and large coins.
• Have a fast response time to accurately count the coins.
• Be affordable and easily available.
We choose
IR Infrared Proximity and Object Detection Sensor.
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 Theory and
fundamentals
Sensor
Selection

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 Theory and
fundamentals
Actuator (Servo Motor)
Selection
Actuator selection criteria:
• Safety Margin.
• Load Variations.
• Future Upgrades.
• Efficiency.

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 Theory and
fundamentals
Actuator
Selection

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 Theory and
fundamentals
Actuator Selection
For 4 vertical plates
Calculations

Our motor S3003 provide 3,2 kg.cm we would like that motor turn box
fast to didn’t shut off counting for long time.

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 Theory and
fundamentals
Futaba S3003 Standard Servo
Specifications
• Weight: 38g. Rotation Angle: 180°
• Torque: 3,2 kg.cm (31 N.cm) (at 4,8
V).
• Torque: 4,1 kg.cm (40 N.cm) (at 6 V).
• Speed: 0,23 sec/60° (at 4,8 V).
• Speed: 0,19 sec/60° (at 6 V).
• Current idle: 7.2mA at 4.8 V, 8 mA at
6 V.
• Current max: 700 mA.
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 Methodology
Actuator Controlling
(PWM)

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05
Methodology
Implementation steps, procedures, project features
and testing
 Methodology

• We begin with designing the structure of machine considering the

dimensions of each component and areas which the components can work
throw it.

• We make a brainstorming as team members suggest different designs to

apply.

• At the end we had chosen the principled design.

• The body of the machine is made of cardboard as an initial design because

of its low coefficient of friction.
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 Methodology

First Modeling Design we created Second Modeling Design we

created
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 Methodology

3rd Chosen Design we created (Solidworks)

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 Methodology

10/25/2024 3rd Chosen Design we created (Solidworks) 29

 Methodology

Working Drawing 3rd Chosen Design we created (Autocad)

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 Methodology

• Coins are CNC printed with

dimensions of 17, 23, 30 mm form
Acrylic to be light to reduce Torque
Required by motor.

• The Ramp is handmade and consists

of three holes measuring 18, 24 and
32 mm.

• We follow trial and error method to

choose angle of coin sorter (Ramp).

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 Methodology

• After choosing the considered angle

we begin to specify the heights of
slots and other dimensions.

• We started to write Initial Arduino

Code.

• We test the code working with

sensors and servos without
mechanism.
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 Methodology

• The servo motor was

connected to the boxes
by interlocking the arm
of the motor with the box
with wires.

• We finish the mechanical

Design and start to test it.

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 Methodology

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 Methodology

• The sensors were placed on

different dimensions of the slope
due to the angle of the slope,
considering that they are not in the
trajectory of the boxes' flips so as
not to interfere with them to
calibrate and perform the best
position for detecting coin we use
trial-and-error method.

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 Methodology

• An electric box was made to put all

the electrical components inside, so
that the machine would be closed on
itself without any user control over the
connections.

• This electrical box helps to give

support for IR sensors and dimensions
of it depending on the height of
sensors.
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 Methodology

• We begin the test by testing how the

mechanism works with hardware
and software components.

• Then we test the slot of smaller size

which will have the biggest error of
detecting by IR sensors and how
Servo motor will perform.

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 Methodology

• We decided to use
dual IR sensors in
each slot to reduce
errors.

• We test the final

design of machine
with new additions.

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Methodology
• Coding
• In the coding, the coding was done in the C language on the
Arduino program, and comments were taken to clarify the
function of each line, condition, and loop, and the variables
were printed in the serial monitor to confirm the work of the
code next to the screen.

• It was taken into account to make variables for the places of

sensors and motors in the UNO panel in order to facilitate
changing the places of behavior without changing the entire
code
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 Methodology (Coding)

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06
Findings and results
the outcomes, problems faced, and conclusions drawn from the
project
 Findings and results
• The problem of determining the slope angle of the ramp.

• The problem of locating the sensor.

• The problem of determining the path of coins from the ramp to

the box.

• The design was not fully compatible in the first and second
time, so we used the method of trial and error until we reached
a suitable design to reduce the speed of the coins when they
pass through the sensor .
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 Findings and results

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 Findings and results
• The servo motor consumes a lot of
current, while the Arduino Uno does
not provide more than 40 mA, so we
needed to connect the 3 servo
motors to an external power source.

• Occasionally the IR sensor doesn’t

read coin falling put 2 IR sensor to
cover all displacement that coin
across to.
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 Findings and results
• We discovered after research that if
servo is connected to external power
supply and we need to control it
using Arduino we should connect
GND of supply to GND of Arduino.

• In Coding LCD was having Fastest

Response as IR detect Coin So LCD
code Should have inserted into if
condition of Counting to avoid delay.
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 Findings and results

Befor After
e

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 Findings and results
• The IR sensor has Very fast time response so to avoid multiply
counting of single coin we used function delay with delay of
output signal with 500ms (0.5 s).

Befor
e After

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07
FUTURE SCOPE
The potential for further development or expansion of the project beyond its
current state
 Future scope
• Using mechanism to Count a bigger number of Coins: Using
vibratory conveyor which consist of a box which connected to dc
motor which is coupling to a nut fixed with the box and dc motor
is connected to a battery and a potentiometer which control the
speed of motor and coins of course.

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 Future scope
• 3D Printed of Mechanical Design to assure high Quality and
reduce Errors which come up with design like when coin get out
of box.

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 Future scope
• Use higher quality IR sensors to reduce error in detecting coins.

• Under each tray box we can use Load cell to detect the weight of
coins as additional counting mechanism of empty process.

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08
References
The sources of information, data, and literature used to support the
project's research.
 References
[1] Annamalai, Paramasivam & Vidhushini, Prabhu & Arunprakash, N & Srinivasan, S & Kakulapati,
Vijayalakshmi & Subramanian, Panneerselvan. (2021). Design and Modelling of Coin Sorting Machine. 8202-
8208.

[2] Goh Chın Guan (2015) Desıgn And Implementatıon Of An Automatıc Coın Sortıng And Countıng
Machıne, Under Graduate Thesis, University of Malaysia Pahang.

[3] Prashanna Rangan R (2018), Machine Vision Based Coin separator and Counter, Recent trendsin
Sensor research and Technology, 5(1), 24-30.

[4] Tesfamikael, Hadish & Fray, Adam & Mengsteab, Israel & Semere, Adonay & Amanuel, Zebib.
(2021). Construction of Mathematical Model of DC Servo Motor Mechanism with PID controller for Electric
Wheel Chair Arrangement. Journal of Electronics and Informatics. 3. 49-60. 10.36548/jei.2021.1.005.

[5] AUTOMATIC COIN SORTING AND COUNTING SYSTEM. (2021, March). International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET). https://www.irjet.net/archives/V8/i3/IRJET-V8I3235.pdf

10/25/2024 53
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THANK Questions ?
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