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Work Measurement-1

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31 views15 pages

Work Measurement-1

Uploaded by

yecana9371
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Work Measurement

Vital inputs for:


• Manpower and machine planning
• Reducing labour costs
• Scheduling
• Budgeting
• Designing incentive systems

Standard Time
Amount of time a qualified worker should spend to complete a
specified task, working at sustainable rate, using given methods,
tools and equipment, raw material and workplace
Most commonly used methods of work measurement:
• Time study
• Historical times
• Predetermined data
• Work sampling
Work Measurement
Time Study
• Most widely used method of work measurement
• Especially appropriate for short, repetitive tasks
Average of a few properly trained workers’
performed time are taken as the standard

Basic steps:
• Define the task to be studied, and inform the worker(s) who will be studied
• Determine the number of workers and cycles to be observed
• Time the job and rate the performance
• Compute the standard time
Work Measurement
Standard Elemental Time (SET)
derived from a firm’s own historical time study data
• A time study department accumulates a file of elemental times that
are common to many jobs
• After a certain point, many elemental times can be retrieved from the
file
• Eliminate need for analysts to go through a complete time study to
obtain those

Predetermined Time Standards (PDTS)


published data on standard elemental times
• Commonly used system is Method-Time Measurement (MTM)
• MTM tables are based on extensive research of basic elemental times
Work Measurement
Work Sampling
technique for estimating the proportion of working time and idle time
Office time: 9 am to 5 pm
Working time = 6 hrs Idle time = 2 hrs
Ratio = 6:2 = 3:1

appropriate for long, non-repetitive tasks

Two primary uses:


• Ratio-delay studies: concern the percentage of worker’s time
that involves delay
• Analysis of non-repetitive jobs: percentage of time an employee
spends doing various
jobs
Work Measurement
Work Sampling

Ratio = 6:2 = 3:1


1~3
11 ~ 1 3~5
1~3 3~4 9 ~ 11 1~3
11 ~ 1 1~2 11 ~ 1
2 hrs
9 ~ 11 11 ~ 12 1 hr
2 hrs 1 hr 2 hrs
9 ~ 11
11 ~ 1
1~3

A B
2 1
Work Measurement

Worker min/pc (average)


A 8
B 9
C 10
D 11
E 12

OT 
 x i
 10 min
n

Observed Time (OT): simply the average of the recorded times


Work Measurement

Normal Time (NT): observed time adjusted for worker performance

NT OT * PR Performance Rating


1.1
10 * 1.1 11 min

Standard Time (ST): normal time required for a job plus


an allowance time for different delays

ST  NT  NT * A  NT * (1  A) Allowance
20%
11 * (1  0.2) 13.2 min
1  A AF ST  NT * AF
Allowance Factor
Work Measurement

Worker pcs/hr (average)


A 4
B 5
C 6
D 7
E 8

OT 10 min

OT 
 x i
NT OT * PR ST  NT * AF
n
1
For job time AF job 1  A For time worked AFtime 
1 A
Work Measurement
Worker min/pc (average) pcs/hr (average)
A 8 7.5
B 9 6.7
C 10 6
D 11 5.45
E 12 5

Worker min/pc (average) pcs/hr (average)


A 8 7
B 9 6
C 10 6
D 11 5
E 12 5
1
AF job 1  A AFtime 
1 A
Work Measurement
OT NT < ST
ST  NT  NT * A NT OT * PR

For Good Worker, PR > 1 OT < NT < ST ST > OT


For Average Worker, PR = 1 OT = NT < ST ST > OT
For Bad Worker, PR < 1 OT > NT < ST ST OT

7 >5< 8
PR
AF
8 >5< 7
6 >5< 6
Work Measurement

NT OT * PR ST  NT * AF

OT 10 min OT 10 min


PR 0.8 NT 8 min PR 0.9 NT 9 min
A 0.2 ST 9.6 min A 0.2 ST 10.8 min

OT 10 min OT 10 min


PR 0.9 NT 9 min PR 0.9 NT 9 min
A 0.1 ST 9.9 min A 0.2 ST 10.8 min
Work Measurement
Required Sample Size

z = Number of normal standard deviations


needed for desired confidence
s = Sample standard deviation
e = Maximum acceptable time error

a = Desired accuracy percentage


Work Measurement
Work Measurement
Required Sample Size
A time study analyst wants to estimate the time required to
perform a certain job. A preliminary study yielded a mean of 6.4
minutes and a standard deviation of 2.1 minutes. The desired
confidence is 95 percent. How many observations will he need
(including those already taken) if the desired maximum error is
One-half minute?

z = 1.96 (from Normal table)


s = 2.1 min
e = 0.5 min
Work Measurement
Required Sample Size
A time study analyst wants to estimate the time required to
perform a certain job. A preliminary study yielded a mean of 6.4
minutes and a standard deviation of 2.1 minutes. The desired
confidence is 95 percent. How many observations will he need
(including those already taken) if the desired maximum error is ± 10
percent of the sample mean?

z = 1.96 (from Normal table)


s = 2.1 min
a = 0.1

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