GE 112

THE CONTEMPORARY
WORLD
 THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD Week 1-2
Lesson I. Introduction to the Study of Globalization
Learning Objectives:

1. Understand the meaning of globalization.

2. Identify the different definitions of Globalization
3. Discuss the characteristics and qualities of globalization
as a phenomenon.
ACTIVITY:
Picture Analysis on a Working Definition for
Globalization

Rename and Explain the picture definition of

globalization. Define what is the picture all about.
• How does globalization
affect your daily life?
 IS
GLOBALIZATION A
PHENOMENON?
• When the world was surprised by the birth of information
technology, societies became more eager to adopt the trends of
the market. People across the globe showed interest to be part
of a community where connections and linkages are available.
When the World Trade Organization (WTO) was formed, economies
responded quickly showing interest in this global network of
countries. The same thing for Nokia when it successfully penetrated
the worldwide market through offering the most innovative cellular
phones, millions of people were caught by this technological
breakthrough. When the Asian financial crisis hit some countries in
the region, economists, and governments became more wary and
keen in managing the domestic and international flows of money.
The series of attacks in the United States on September 11, 2011
was seen as a result of western imperialism and a response of
violent groups in the Middle East.
• The world is in a state of complexities and uncertainties.
Small and big institutions and communities are affected at a
higher scale by these complex phenomena. No one can
accurately predict what the world would be like in the next 10
or 20 years. What happened in the late 90s and early 2000s
are remarkable events have defined the future of man and its
environment. Migration, economic organizations, political
alliances, and the digital world are common landmarks of the
global society. Networks and the formation of strong linkages
will prevail over the conservative and isolationist behavior.
 Who is the Father of Globalization?
• Peter Sutherland, the former Irish Attorney
General, European Commissioner, and "father of
globalization" has died, age 71. Sutherland died in
Dublin on Sunday morning, having been ill for
some time. Born in Dublin in 1946, he became
Ireland’s youngest Attorney General at the age of
35. He went on to become the youngest European
Union Commissioner, where he helped lay the
groundwork for the European single market. He
was also a former Director-General of the World
Trade Organization,

travelling the world to hammer out multilateral trade agreements,

a role that earned him the moniker "father of globalization".
What is all about
Globalization
 Globalization
• Globalization means the speedup of movements and exchanges (of human
beings, goods, and services, capital, technologies or cultural practices) all over the
planet. One of the effects of globalization is that it promotes and increases
interactions between different regions and populations around the globe.
• The inception of the term globalization brought much attention to the public
especially among intellectuals who have interest to delve the contending forces of
this notion. The establishment and formation of more aggressive world and
transnational operations of countries added questions to the transformational
generation of the theory. Understanding this term requires a critical examination of
its origin, development and usage as part of our understanding of social change
within the spectrum of contemporary world.
• Globalization, as a theory lies in the works of many 19th and 20th
century scholars and intellectuals like Karl Marx, MacKinder, and
Robertson who then began to introduce the term “globality”. However,
it was in the 1960s and 1970s when this term gained worldwide
attention (Held and McGrew 2002). From the works of Scholte (2002),
he examined the spread of the term which then capture the interest of
many languages. It includes lil’alam in Arabic, quanqiuhua for
Chinese, mondialisation in French, globalizatsia for Russian,
globalizacion in Spanish, globalisaatio for Finnish, bishwavyapikaran
in Nepalese, and luanbo’otin Timorese.This appreciation and
construction of new vocabulary shows a wider response of countries
who have witnessed the effect of globalization.
• For Justine Rosenberg’s definition of
globalization, he argues that
“globalization as a phenomenon
gave rise to the interconnectedness of
human society that replaced the
sovereign state system with a
multilateral system of global
governance. His definition centers on
the process, condition, time and age
of this condition.
 • “Globalization refers to a multidimensional set of social
processes that create, multiply, stretch, and intensify
worldwide social interdependencies and exchanges
while at the same time fostering in people a growing
awareness of deepening connections between the local and
the distant”.

By: Held and McGrew (2003)

An Official Definition of Globalization by the World Health
Organization (WHO)
• According to WHO, globalization can be defined as “the
increased interconnectedness and interdependence of
peoples and countries. It is generally understood to
include two inter-related elements: the opening of
international borders to increasingly fast flows of goods,
services, finance, people and ideas; and the changes in
institutions and policies at national and international levels
that facilitate or promote such flows.”
 Various Definitions of Globalization
1. Financial Globalization - is an aggregate
concept that refers to increasing global linkages
created through cross border financial flows.
Financial integration refers to an individual country's
linkages to international capital markets.
2. Economic Globalization - is one of the three
main dimensions of globalization commonly found in
countries, academic literature, with the two others
being political globalization and cultural
globalization, as well as the general term of
globalization.
3. Technological Globalization -
Technological globalization is speeded in large
part by technological diffusion, the spread of
technology across borders. ... Technological
access tends to be clustered around urban
areas and leaves out vast swaths of peripheral-
nation citizens.
4. Political Globalization - refers to the growth
of the worldwide political system, both in size
and complexity. ... One of the key aspects of
the political globalization is the declining
importance of the nation-state and the rise of
other actors on the political scene.
5. Cultural Globalization - refers to the transmission of
ideas, meanings, and values around the world in such a
way as to extend and intensify social relations. This
process is marked by the common consumption of
cultures that have been diffused by the Internet, popular
culture media, and international travel.
6. Environmental Globalization - refers to the
internationally coordinated practices and regulations
regarding environmental protection.
7. Sociological Globalization - is an ongoing process
that involves interconnected changes in the
economic, cultural, social, and political spheres of
society. As a process, it involves the ever increasing
integration of these aspects between nations, regions,
communities, and even seemingly isolated places.
 Qualities and Characteristics of Globalization

1. Creation and Multiplication-The current modernization involves

creation and multiplication of social networks and cultural activities thus,
breaking the traditional norms and practices in the political, economic,
and cultural realms of most communities.
2. Expansion and Stretching-Second, globalization is very evident in
the expansion and stretching of social operations and connections. This
is reflected on how the financial markets and trading operate around the
globe. The formation of economic organizations like the World Trade
Organization, ASEAN Economic Community, World Economic Forum,
and European Union brought light to the expansion of local economies
through opening their economies to other parts of the world.
3. Intensification and Acceleration- Third, globalization involves
intensification and acceleration of human activities. It describes
how the process of world and individual connection works. The
digital age as part of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is considerably the
fitting form of its structure. Consumer markets and consumerism
continue to rule in this postmodern era where the farthest have the
access to reach the central portion of global events.
4. Consciousness and Awareness- Fourth, as noted by Roland
Robertson, globalization involves the human consciousness and
awareness. People, as the primary actors of globalization are the
frontliners as reflected in their experiences. The human consciousness
is critical on how they impact the growing outcomes and markers
of globalization. Their daily actions such as global interdependence
provide large-scale implications to the norms and practices of the
borderless world.
•What have you learned
about Globalization?
THANK YOU