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Parts of Speech

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16 views15 pages

Parts of Speech

Uploaded by

humaira.fatima
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Nouns and pronouns: Understanding the difference

between
them and how they function in sentences.
Verbs: Conjugation, verb tenses, and aspects.
Adjectives and adverbs: Describing nouns and
verbs, respectively.
Articles (a, an, the) and determiners: How to use
Basic Grammer them correctly.
Prepositions: Words that show relationships
between other words in a sentence.
Conjunctions: Words that connect words, phrases,
or clauses.
Sentence structure: How to form and punctuate
sentences, including subject-verb agreement.
Cont.....

 Nouns and Pronouns:


 Nouns are words that represent people, places, things, or ideas. They can be concrete (e.g.,
dog, book) or abstract (e.g., love, happiness). Example: The cat is sleeping.
 Pronouns are words used to replace nouns to avoid repetition. Common pronouns include
"he," "she," "it," "they," "I," and "you." Example: She is a talented singer.
 Verbs:
 Verbs are action words that describe what someone or something is doing.
Cont.....

Adjectives and Adverbs:


 Adjectives modify nouns and provide more information about them. They describe
qualities or characteristics.
Example: She has a beautiful voice.
 Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They describe how an action
is done or provide more information about it.
Example: He sings beautifully.
Cont.....

Articles (a, an, the) and Determiners:


 Articles are words that indicate whether a noun is specific (the) or non-specific (a,
an).
Example: A cat is a domestic animal.
 Determiners are words that introduce nouns and often provide additional
information about them.
Example: My cat is friendly.
Cont.....

Prepositions:
 Prepositions are words that show relationships between other words in a
sentence. They indicate location, direction, time, and more. Example: The book
is on the table.
Conjunctions:
 Conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence.
They can be coordinating (e.g., and, but) or subordinating (e.g., because,
although). Example: He is talented and hardworking.
Cont....

Sentence Structure:
 Understanding sentence structure involves knowing how
to form sentences correctly, including subject-verb
agreement.
 In English, a basic sentence structure is Subject-Verb-
Object (SVO). Example: She (subject) reads (verb) a book
(object)
Here's a simple sentence that combines these basic grammar elements:
"The happy child plays in the park because he loves nature."
This sentence demonstrates the use of articles, adjectives, nouns, verbs, prepositions,
conjunctions, and pronouns in a basic sentence structure.
Advanced grammar concepts go beyond the basics and
may include:
 Passive voice: How to construct passive sentences.
Advanced Grammar  Reported speech (indirect speech): Conveying

Concepts: what someone else has said.


 Relative clauses: Adding extra information to a
sentence with words like "who," "which," and "that."
 Modal verbs: Verbs like "can," "could," "must," etc.,
and how they express various degrees of necessity,
possibility, and ability
Cont...

Passive Voice: Reported Speech (Indirect


Speech):
Passive voice is a way to construct Reported speech is used to convey what
sentences where the focus is on the receiver someone else has said.
of an action, not the doer. It often involves changing the pronouns,
It's formed by using a form of "to be" with verb tenses, and sometimes the word order.
the past participle of the main verb. Example: Direct Speech: "He said, 'I
Example: "The book was written by the am coming.'" Reported Speech: "He said
author." (The focus is on the book being that he was coming."
written, not the author doing the writing.)
Cont...
 Relative Clauses:
 Relative clauses are used to add extra information about a noun in a
sentence. They start with words like "who," "which," "that," and they
provide more details about the noun.
 Example: "The car that he bought is red." (Providing additional information
about the car he bought.)
 Modal Verbs:
 Modal verbs express various degrees of necessity, possibility, and ability.
They modify the meaning of the main verb in a sentence.
 Examples: "She can swim." (Expressing ability.) "You must finish your
homework." (Expressing necessity.) "They might arrive late." (Expressing
possibility.)
Understanding phrasal verbs is
essential for English learners as
they are commonly used in
both casual and formal
Phrasal Verbs language. Phrasal verbs consist
and Their Usage: of a main verb and one or more
particles (prepositions or
adverbs) that change the
meaning of the verb. Here are
some common examples along
with their meanings and usage:
Examples...

 Give up:
 Meaning: To quit or stop doing something.
 Usage: "I decided to give up smoking."
 Run into:
 Meaning: To encounter unexpectedly.
 Usage: "I ran into an old friend at the supermarket."
 Take off:
 Meaning: To remove something quickly, or for an aircraft to become
airborne.
 Usage: "Please take off your shoes before entering." "The plane is about to
take off."
Examples...

 Turn on/turn off:


 Look forward to:
 Come across:
 Get along with:
 Put up with:
 Look up:
Cont...

These are just a few examples of the many phrasal


verbs in English. The meanings of phrasal verbs are
often idiomatic, meaning they may not be
immediately obvious from the individual words. It's
important to learn them in context to use them
correctly and effectively in your conversations.
 Beyond the basic tenses (past, present, future),
there are advanced tenses and verb forms that
add nuance to your language usage. These may
include:
 Perfect tenses (present perfect, past perfect,
future perfect): Indicate actions that are
completed in relation to a specific time.
 Continuous tenses (present continuous, past
Advanced Tenses continuous, future continuous): Indicate
ongoing or progressive actions.
and Verb Forms:
 Unreal or hypothetical conditionals:
Conditional structures like the third conditional
(past unreal), mixed conditionals, etc.
 Gerunds and infinitives: Different verb forms
used in various sentence structures.
 Modals and their various uses: Expressing
ability, possibility, necessity, and more

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