The World of

Region
PREPARED BY:

BENJIE T. ANDRADA, LPT

SOCIAL SCIENCE INSTRUCTOR
 A WORLD OF REGION ASIA
AND EUROPE IMPERIUM
The economic and
political definitions
of region vary
Governments, association, societies and
group from Regional Organization and/or
network as a way of coping with the
challenges of Globalization
DEFINITIONS "a group of countries located in the
geographically specified are" or "an
REGION amalgamation of two regions or a combination
of more than two regions" organized to
regulated and "oversee flows and policy
choices"

REGIONALISM A political process characterized by economic

policy cooperation and coordination among
countries
COUNTRIES RESPOND ECONOMICALLY AND POLITICALLY
TO GLOBALIZATION IN VARIOUS WAY
1. SOME ARE LARGER ENOUGH AND HAVE A LOT OF
RESOURCES TO DICTATE HOW THEY PARTICIPATE IN
PROCESS OF GLOBAL INTEGRATION
 2. OTHER COUNTRIES MAKE UP THEIR SMALL
SIZE BY TAKING ADVANTAGE THEIR STRATEGIC
LOCATION
 Reason of Forming Regional
Associations
1. MILITARY DEFENSE
1.1 NORTH ATLANTIC
TREATY ORGANIZATION
 (NATO)
Formed during the cold war
when several western European
Countries and the United States
agreed to protect Europe
against the treat of the Soviets
Union.
REGIONAL ALLIANCE
 Reason of forming Regional
Associations
1. MILITARY DEFENSE
1.2 WARSAW PACT
 Consisting of the Eastern
European countries under soviet
domination

REGIONAL ALLIANCE
 2. POOL THEIR RESOURCES GET BETTER RETURN
FOR THEIR EXPLORTS AND EXPACT THEIR LEVERAGE
AGAINTS TRADING PARTNERS
2.1. (OPEC) ORGANIZATION OF THE PETROLE UM
EXPORTING COUNTRIES
 It was established in 1960 by Iran,
Kuwait, Saudi Arabic to regulate
and Venezuela
 It aims to regulate the production
and sale of oil
 Opel's success convinced 9 other by
producing countries to join to.
3. PROTECT THEIR INDEPENDENCE THE
PRESSURE IF SUPER PONS POLITICS
3.1. (NAM) NON- ALIGNED MOVEMENT

 Created by Egypt, China, India, Indonesia

and Yu-Goslavia in 1961 to pursue world
peace and international cooperation, human
rights, national government, racial and
national equality, non-intervention and
peaceful conflict resolution.
 With 120 member countries
 Because the association repulsed to side with
either first world countries capitalist
democracy in western Europe and north
American or communist states in ester Europe
4. ECONOMIC CREASIS COMPELS COUNTRIES
TO COME TOGETHER

 The Thai economy collapsed in1996

after the foreign currency, speculation
and trouble international banks
demanded that the government pay
back its loan.

 It made Asian more"Unified and

coordinated"
 North – South Divide
THE CONCEPT OF GLOBAL NORTH AND GLOBAL SOUTH THE GLOBAL SOUTH IS A TERM OFTEN USED
IS USED TO DESCRIBE A GROUPING OF COUNTRIES TO IDENTIFY REGIONS WITHIN LATIN
ALONG SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL CHARACTERS. AMERICAN, ASIA, AND OCEANIA.
The concept of a gap between the
Global North and the Global South in
terms of development and wealth.
Classifying countries. in the 1980s, the
Brandt Line was developed as a way of
showing how the world was
geographically split into relatively richer
and poorer nations.
 The origin of dividing
WHY DID countries into the North-
THE NORTH South Divide arose during
AND the Cold War of the mid
SOUTH- 20th century.
DIVIDED?
During this time, countries were primarily
categorized according to their alignment
between the Russian East and the American
West.
Is the North – South Divide real
?
The North-South divide is not an exact line, but one that
can involve many stereotypes, presumptions and other
impressions of the surrounding region relative to other
regions. The existences of the North-South divide is
fiercely contested. Some sources claim that not only does
it exist, but that it is expending.
What line divides the north and south
divide?
The Equator, or line of 0 degrees latitude, divides the earth into the Northern
and Southern hemispheres.
Who has suffered from the North-
South Divide?
England has long suffered from a
North-South divide. Despite
numerous attempts to tackle it,
the rift shows no signs of healing.
The concept of a North-South
divide, a line that dissects England,
rendering the two halves
economically, socially and
culturally different, permeates
English history.
 The idea of the South was placed firmly on the
Global table by the famous Italian Marxist Antonio
south vs. Gramsci whose essay "The Southern Question"
Third world began with the idea that southern Italy had, in
effect, been colonized by capitalist from northern
Italy. Gramsci explored the difficulties southern
The term Third peasants and northern workers faced in forging an
World arose during alliance with one another. In Italian social
the Cold War thought, the world trade system. This struggle
Third World did not moved the terms "North" and "South" into the
always mean “the international political lexicon. Developing
undeveloped or countries (mainly former colonies). Began to
articulate the idea of a Global South whose
developed world
interest conflicted with those of the industrialized
powers, both capitalist and communist cutting
across Cold War Divisions.
In northern sociology, Immanuel
Wallerstein forged a "world-
system approach" that made the
"modern/traditional" binary.
Similar ideas circulated in Marxist
economics, while "post-colonial
"perspectives were emerging in
literary and cultural studies, from
Edward said, Gayatri Spivak and
others.
 The Third World
TODAY THE TERM IS OFTEN USED TO DESCRIBE THE
THE TERM THIRD WORLD WAS ORIGINALLY
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES OF ASIA, AFRICA, LATIN
COINED IN TIMES OF THE COLD WAR TO
AMERICA, AND AUSTRALIA/OCEANIA.
DISTINGUISH THOSE NATIONS THAT ARE
NEITHER ALIGNED WITH THE WEST (NATO) NOR And yes, it's a mess. It almost seems as if the very
WITH THE EAST, THE COMMUNIST BLOC.
different humanitarian conditions of the people
Many poorer nations adopted the on this planet are a mirror of the conditions in
heaven and hell and all instances in between.In
term to describe themselves. this article, the term Third World is also used to
Over the years, the meaning of the refers to the underdeveloped state of countries in
certain areas that are in great need of
term has become an elastic word. On development.Below Third World Countries by
this page, the term Third World is various categories: These countries can be called
used to identify the countries with Third World Countries in terms of Political Rights
substandard, which are in great need and Civil Liberties.
of development.
Third world countries in term of their Gross National
Income (GNI)
Third world countries in term of their Human
Development Index (HDI)
Third world countries in term of poverty
Third world countries in term of press freedom
Evolution of Asian
Regionalism
ASIAN REGIONALISM – is the product of economic interaction, not
political planning. As a result of successful, outward-oriented growth
strategies, Asian economist have grown not only richer but also
closer together.
Regionalism – is an inspirational enterprise in human history
- it also involves the reorganization of political,
economic cultural, and social lives along the lines of an imagined
region rather than according to the standard political unit of the
nation-state
 The Evolution of Asian Regionalism using four
benchmarks:
1968, 1989, 1997, and2010.

IN 1968, THE ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN IN 1997 THE ASEAN PLUS THREE (JAPAN,
NATIONS WAS BORN WITH FIVE ORIGINAL MEMBERS:
INDONESIA, THE PHILIPPINES, MALAYSIA, THAILAND, KOREA, AND CHINA) WAS INSTITUTED
AND SINGAPORE

In 2010, the East Asian Summit decided to

in 1989, the Asia Pacific Economic add two more members, the United States
Cooperation (APEC) meeting was and Russia.-The Trans Pacific Partnership
institutionalized with the goal of monitoring (TPP) grew in this year. -also marked by the
and analyzing regional markets and vigorous and deep advances into the region
institutions as well as governing rules and by two giants, China and the United States
norms for facilitating transparent and
efficient business transactions in the region.
Regionalism versus Globalization

REGIONALISM – Is the process of dividing an area

into smaller segments called regions
GLOBALIZATION – Is the process of international
integration arising from the interchange of world
views, products, ideas, and other aspects, such as
technology etc.
Differences between Regionalism and Globalization

Scope
Regionalism focuses on specific geographic regions and the cooperation
among countries within those regions. Globalization, on the other hand,
encompasses the entire world and involves interactions and exchanges on a
global scale.
Focus
Regionalism emphasizes strengthening ties and collaboration within a specific
region, often with the goal of addressing common challenges or goals.
Globalization, in contrast, is more about the unrestricted flow of goods,
services, and information across the globe, breaking down traditional barriers.
Differences between Regionalism
and Globalization
Control
Regionalism allows countries to maintain a certain degree of control over their
interactions and agreements within the region. Globalization, being a broader
concept, often challenges traditional notions of national sovereignty as countries
become more interconnected and interdependent.
Impact
Regionalism can lead to regional economic integration, fostering economic
growth and political stability within specific regions. Globalization, while offering
economic opportunities, can also lead to challenges such as economic inequality,
cultural clashes, and environmental issues on a global scale.
As to nature, globalization promotes the integration of economics
across state borders all around the world but regionalization is
precisely the opposite because it is dividing an area into smaller
segments.
As to market, globalization allows many companies to trade on
international level so it allows free market but in' regionalized
system, monopolies are likely to develop.
As to cultural 'and societal relations, globalization accelerate to
multiculturalism by free and inexpensive movement of people
but, regionalization does not support this.
As to aid, globalized international community is
also more willing to come to the aid of a country
stricken by a natural disaster but, a regionalized
system does not involved in the affairs of other
areas.
As to technological advances, globalization has
driven great advances in technology but advanced
technology is rarely available in one country or
region.
The center of gravity of the global economy is shifting to Asia.
The region’s economy is already similar in size to those of
Europe and North America, and its influence in the world
continues to increase.
Asia – Is now so important to the world economy that it must
also play a larger role in global economic leadership.
Asia’s economic rise is unprecedented. The region is home to
over half the world’s population, produces three tenths of
global output, and consistently records the world’s highest
economic growth rates.
How Regionalism can benefit Asia?
AN INTEGRATED ASIA CAN:

link the competitive strengths of its diverse ASIA REGIONALSIM – Is primarily

economies
motivated by the desire to advance
connect the region's capital markets
welfare in the region, it would not do
cooperate in setting exchange rate and
macroeconomic policies so by detracting from development
pool the region's foreign exchange reserves elsewhere
exercise leadership in global decision making ASIA REGIONALISM – Can help to
Build connected infrastructure and sustain global economic process at a
collaborate on inclusive development
time when other major regions are
Create regional mechanisms
reaching economic maturity