INTERPRETING

NON-LINEAR TEXTS FOUND IN

EXPOSITORY TEXTS
What is an expository text?

•Expository texts frequently use

non-linear texts to present facts
and information. These are
designed to explain, inform, and
present facts on specific topics.
Here is an example of an expository test using nonlinear text.
“What Is the Content of Your Prayers?”
 American adults who pray with regularity do so
with varying motivations, the most common being
to offer “gratitude and thanksgiving” (62%).
Generationally, this is lowest among Millennials
(53%) and highest among Boomers (71%). An
equally popular prayer incentive is the “needs of
their family and community” (61%), followed by
“personal guidance in crisis” (49%). The latter is
most common among those with lower levels of
education (49% with a high school diploma or less,
compared to 39% of college graduates).
What are non-linear texts?
Nonlinear text is the opposite of
linear text. As what its name suggests,
it is nonlinear and non-sequential. The
readers do not have to go through the
text in a sequential manner to make
sense of the text. This type of text has
many reading paths.
What are the types of non-linear texts?
•Illustration - is a drawing or sketch.
What are the types of non-linear texts?
• Photograph - provides a literal snapshot of the person, place
or thing being discussed.

Digital image of protesters

praying, Collection of the
Smitonian National Museum
of African American History
and Culture, Gift of Jermaine
Gibbs, (2015)
IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT
KINDS OF GRAPHS
SHOWN ON THE SCREEN.
 Chart Title

Category 4

Category 3

Category 2

Category 1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Series 3 Series 2 Series 1

BAR GRAPH
HISTOGRAMS
PICTOGRAPH
 Sales

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

PIE CHART
 Chart Title
6

0
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4

Series 1 Series 2 Series 3

LINE CHART
TABLES AND GRAPHS
Category 4
Chart Title
BAR GRAPH
•Bargraphs to show numbers
that are independent of each
Category 3 other. Example data might
include things like the
Category 2
number of people who
preferred each of Chinese
takeaways, Indian takeaways
and fish and chips.
Category 1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Series 3 Series 2 Series 1

 Sales
PIE CHART
•Pie charts to show you
how a whole is divided
into different parts. You
might, for example,
want to show how a
budget had been spent
on different items in a
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
particular year.
 LINE CHART
Chart Title •Linegraphs show you how
6 numbers have changed over
time. They are used when
5
4
3
2
you have data that are
1 connected, and to show
trends, for example, average
0
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4

Series 1 Series 2 Series 3

night time temperature in
each month of the year.
PICTOGRAPH
•A pictogram is a
special type of bar
graph. Instead of
using an axis with
numbers, it uses
pictures to represent a
particular number of
items.
GUIDED
ACTIVITY
Answer the questions based on the non-linear text below.
ACTIVITY
1
Using the Venn diagram below, compare a linear text with a
nonlinear text by giving descriptions which are similar and
different between them.
ACTIVITY
2
•Make a pie chart about the time
you spent on daily activities.
Sales

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

CREATING AND READING A
TABLE
1. identify significant details presented in the table,
2. state the significance of using tables in presenting information; and
3. complete a table with the necessary information from a given selection.
Complete the table. Write the activities you do during weekends in the first
column, and the number of hours you spend doing it in the second column. An
example is done for you.
What is a table?
•Atable refers to a data table that
presents the numerical or categorical
information used to create the graph.
The table contains rows and columns
with specific data points or categories,
which are then visually represented in
the graph.
Read the excerpt below and answer the questions that follow.
How do you make a table?
•Look at the table. What have
you noticed? How does a
table look like? A table is
made up of rows and
columns. You can organize
and arrange data using it.
You can place different
details in each cell like
images, texts, or hyperlinks.
STEPS IN CREATING
A TABLE
Steps in Creating a Table

Step 1. Create rows and columns.

•Notice
that the table has rows and
columns.
Steps in Creating a Table
Step 2. Write headings in the first row and
first column of the table.

Notice that the table has row headings

(countries) and column headings
(gold, silver, bronze and total).
Steps in Creating a Table
Step 3. Put specific information in each cell.

Notice that the remaining cells have the

number of medals each country has
won in gold, silver, bronze, and the total
number of medals
STEPS IN CREATING
A TABLE
 When you do research work,
what sources of information do you
use? When you get information from
print media, do you study the tables
that are presented together with the
information?
•Many kinds of information can be
presented clearly in the form of a table.
Transportation schedules, scores in
games, and comparisons are clearly
presented on tables than on graphs
To read a table, do the following
1. Determine what the
table is about.
•The table presents
information about the
flight schedule of Cebu
Pacific as of a certain
date.
To read a table, do the following
2. Use the headings for the rows
and columns to locate specific
information.
• Ifyou wish to know the frequency
of the flight Cebu-Davao-Cebu,
you would run your finger down
the first column until you come to
Cebu-Davao-Cebu. Then you
move to the second column
headed Frequency.
LET’S
TRY
A. Answer the following questions about
the table.
• 1. Which country has the highest
number of active cases?
• 2. Which country has the highest
number of recoveries?
• 3. Which countries do not have active
cases?

B. Write a paragraph that answers the

question,

What kind of information is given on the

table about COVID-19?
ACTIVITY
READING A BAR GRAPH
1. identify and explain the visual-verbal relationship illustrated in bar graphs;
2. state the purpose of using bar graphs; and
3. explain the information presented in the graph.
Directions: Read the short text and complete the graph
that follows.

During the pandemic, people are prohibited to go out and

forced to stay at home. It was during this time that some
discovered a new hobby - planting! Ana’s father lost his job
during the pandemic, but Ana was able to come up with
an idea to earn money, she sold plants. She started to sell
plants online. Her plants were Snake Plants, Cacti, Orchids,
Peace Lilies, and Giganteums. She was able to sell 89 pieces
of Snake Plants, 35 Cacti, 45 Orchids, 75 Peace Lilies and 55
Giganteums. Ana was able to earn a lot of money!
Directions: Copy the graph in your answer sheets. Write the names of the plants
Ana sold in the boxes at the left side of the graph. Then, shade the columns
horizontally corresponding to the number of plants Ana has sold.
Reading a Bar Graph
•Bar graph uses bars to present numerical information.
Directions: Study the graph and answer the questions.
YOUR
TURN!
READING A PICTOGRAPH
1. identify the visual-verbal relationship illustrated in pictographs;
2. state the purpose of reading pictographs; and
3. explain the information presented in the graph.
Copy the concept map that follows. Write on the circles the words that
you can associate with the word pictograph.
PICTOGRAPH
•A pictogram is a
special type of bar
graph. Instead of
using an axis with
numbers, it uses
pictures to represent a
particular number of
items.
Reading a Pictograph
LET’S TRY!
YOUR TURN!
READ THE ARTICLE CAREFULLY TO
BE ABLE TO ANSWER THE
QUESTIONS THAT FOLLOW.
Comprehension Questions:

1. How many foreign tourists have visited the

Philippines between January to May of 2019?
2. Which country ranks first among the visitors of the
Philippines for the first five months of 2019?
3. Which country ranks last among the visitors of the
Philippines for the first five months of 2019?
4. How many Australians arrived in the Philippines for
the first five months of 2019?