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Lesson Objectives

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33 views35 pages

Lesson Objectives

Uploaded by

catherinensts
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SY STE MS

THE BODY

THE HUMAN
DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
LE T’ S OBSE RV E !

Each student is given two crackers.

• Step 1: Put a regular cracker into the


mouth and chew.
• Step 2: Place a new cracker in the
mouth and let it sit for 2 minutes.

Let’s discuss students’ observations:


• Initial feeling
• Changes after 2 minutes
• Chewing process
DID YOU KNOW?
On average, a person produces about 1 to 1.5
liters of saliva per day!
S ON OB J E C T IV E S
LE S

Identify key components Explain the purpose of Describe the journey of


such as the mouth, digestion, absorption, and food inside the body from
esophagus, stomach, elimination and how the mouth to the rectum
intestines, liver, enzymes and acids aid in and the specific functions
gallbladder, and pancreas. breaking down food into performed at each stage.
nutrients.
LE T’ S DISCU SS

DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
The digestive system in the human body processes
food and liquids. It consists of the digestive tract,
where food passes through structures like the
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine, and accessory organs.

These organs work together to break down food


into smaller components for absorption and
assimilation.
E S Y S T E M
DIGESTIV

In human digestive system, food goes through two types of


digestion: mechanical and chemical digestion.
• Mechanical digestion is the process where food is
digested by teeth and muscles in the stomach walls.
• Chemical digestion is the process where food is digested
with the help of enzymes.
HOW WE DO SWALLOWING
WHILE BREATHING? TAKE A
LOOK AT THIS VIDEO.
DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
Add a little bit of body te
xt
E ORG A N S
DIGESTIV

MOUTH
The mouth is the first organ in the digestive
system. It serves several essential functions:

• Ingestion: Food enters the mouth,


allowing the initial stage of digestion.
• Mechanical Digestion (Chewing): Teeth
break down large food pieces into smaller
ones.
• Chemical Digestion: Saliva initiates
digestion by breaking down starch into
sugar.
E ORG A N S
DIGESTIV

ESOPHAGUS
The esophagus ensures the smooth
movement of food from the mouth to the
stomach, allowing for efficient digestion and
nutrient absorption.

Unlike the stomach and small intestine, the


esophagus does not secrete digestive
enzymes. Its primary function is to facilitate
the passage of food.
E ORG A N S
DIGESTIV

STOMACH
he stomach is a hollow muscular organ that
holds food while it is being mixed with
stomach enzymes.

Its key functions include temporary food


storage, mechanical digestion (through
muscular contractions), chemical digestion
(via acids and enzymes), and controlled
emptying of partially digested food into the
small intestine.
E ORG A N S
DIGESTIV

PANCREAS
The pancreas is located behind the stomach; it
performs two key functions: it produces
enzymes that break down sugars, fats, proteins,
and starches during digestion.

The pancreas releases hormones into the


bloodstream. These chemical messengers help
regulate blood sugar levels, stimulate stomach
acids, and control appetite and stomach
emptying.
E ORG A N S
DIGESTIV

LIVER
The liver, the largest organ in the body,
performs essential functions within the digestive
system.

The liver continually produces bile, aiding fat


digestion and nutrient absorption. It processes
toxins and removes them from the blood. The
liver creates substances necessary for blood
clotting after injury. It helps maintain healthy
blood sugar levels.
E ORG A N S
DIGESTIV

GALLBLADDER
The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ
located beneath the liver. Its primary role in the
digestive system is to store and concentrate
bile produced by the liver.

Bile is a sticky, yellow-green digestive fluid


produced by the liver and stored in the
gallbladder. Its primary function is to break
down fats into fatty acids during digestion.
E ORG A N S
DIGESTIV

SMALL
INTESTINE
The small intestine's main functions include
breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and
moving the intestinal contents along the
digestive tract. Specifically, the small intestine
absorbs carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It
plays a vital role in digestion, ensuring efficient
nutrient absorption and waste elimination.
E ORG A N S
DIGESTIV

LARGE
INTESTINE
The large intestine, also known as the colon,
follows the small intestine and extends to the
anal canal, where food waste exits the body.
The large intestine performs several essential
functions, such as absorbing water and
electrolytes, forming stool, facilitating bacterial
fermentation, and protecting against infections.
E ORG A N S
DIGESTIV

RECTUM AND
ANUS
The rectum connects the large intestine to the
anus. It acts as a reservoir where stool
accumulates before being ready for elimination.
The anus marks the exit point for food waste.
Muscles, nerves, and mucous membranes work
together to facilitate healthy bowel movements
that you can control.
DIGESTIVE PROCESS
No Digestive Organ Produced By Enzymes Function

1 Mouth Salivary gland Ptyalin Changing carbohydrate into glucose

Pepsin Changing protein into pepton

Renin Precipitating milk protein into casein

2 Stomach Gastric glands

Gastric acid Killing germs swallowed with food

Changing characteristic of protein and acidifying food to be


easily dissolved
No Digestive Organ Produced by Enzymes Function

Liver
Bile Breaking down fat into smaller particles
(store in the gallbladder)

Amylase Changing carbohydrate into glucose

3 Duodenum

Pancreas Trypsin Changing pepton into amino acid

Lipase Changing fat into fatty acid and glycerol

Erepsin Changing pepton into amino acid

Maltase Breaking maltose into glucose

4 Jejunum Intestinal glands


Breaking
Sukrase
sucrose into glucose and fructose

Breaking
Lactase
lactose into glucose and galactose
DIGESTIVE DISEASE
DIGESTIVE DISEASE
DIGESTIVE DISEASE
TAKING CARE
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Below are some of the ways to take care of our digestive


system:
-having a well balance diet;
-eating less spicy and acidic food
-having regular meals;
-keeping the eating utensils clean;
-washing hands before eat.
ANATOMY CL A SS

THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!
C E S PA G E
RESOUR

Use these elements and illustrations in your presentation. Ha


ppy designing! Don't forget to delete this page before presen
ting.
Try this background for an online
class.
*Please delete this section before downloading.
C E S PA G E
RESOUR

1.Which organ is primarily responsible for absorbing


nutrients from food?
2.What are some ways to keep your digestive system
healthy?
3.Why is it important to have a healthy digestive
system?
Jamie is a 10-year-old who often feels stomach pain after meals. Jamie loves to eat
cheese, ice cream, and pizza, but lately, every time he eats these foods, he feels
bloated, has cramps, and sometimes even gets diarrhea. He also feels extra tired and
uncomfortable, especially after large meals.

Discussion Questions:
1. What might be causing Jamie’s stomach trouble? Which parts of the digestive
system could be involved?

2. Could it be an issue with certain types of food? What could be happening in Jamie's
digestive system when he eats these foods?

3. What could Jamie do to feel better? Should he eat differently, or maybe talk to a
doctor? How could he still get important nutrients if he needs to avoid certain foods?

4. What are some healthy digestive habits Jamie and others could follow to avoid
digestive discomfort?

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