WACHEMO UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Electro-Mechanical Engineering

BEREKER DRINKING WATER

INDUSTRY PLC
 Smart irrigation system

well come to smart irregation report

presentation

PREPAIRED BY group
one
18 /3/2017 E.C
 Introduction
 Agriculture is undoubtedly the largest source of people’s livelihood
suppliers in Ethiopia.
 In view of the increasing population, there is a need increase agricultural
production. In order to support greater production in farms, the requirement
of the amount of fresh water used in irrigation also rises.
 Currently, 85% of Ethiopian’s Population basis their life on agriculture.
 As we know the for this agricultural purpose water is an essential thing,
that will help the plant or crop to grow properly and give the expected
result.
 In the Internet era, where information plays a key role in people's lives,
agriculture is rapidly becoming a very data intensive industry where
farmers need to collect and evaluate a huge amount of information from a
diverse number of devices (e.g., sensors, faming machinery etc.) in order to
become more efficient in production and communicating appropriate
information, but in traditional way, watering is held by the farmer itself.
This is the most tedious part of farming
 With the advent of open-source Arduino boards along with cheap moisture sensors,
 it is feasible to create devices that can monitor the soil moisture content and
accordingly irrigating the fields, or the farm as needed.
 The proposed system makes use of microcontroller on Arduino uno platform which
enable farmers to know the status of the farm when he wants and to be informed
when the plant gets irrigated thereby, making the farmers' work much easier as they
can concentrate on other farm activities. Another thing about this project is that it
mainly focused on the wheat production.
 In Ethiopia currently the wheat production is our government issue basically, he
wants to export much wheat product to global market.
 Based on this issue we try to develop smart irrigation system for wheat production.
 The optimal range of soil moisture content for crops depends on the specific plant
 1.2 Problem of statement
 Despite agriculture being the cornerstone of livelihoods for the majority of the
Ethiopian population,
 traditional farming practices face significant challenges in meeting the growing
demand for food production. One of the primary hurdles is the inefficiency and labor-
intensive nature of manual irrigation methods.
 Farmers often struggle to accurately assess soil moisture levels and provide timely
watering, leading to suboptimal crop growth and yield.
 Moreover, with the increasing population and limited water resources, there is a
pressing need to enhance water management practices in agriculture.
 In this project, we seek to alleviate the burden of manual irrigation,
 which has long been a labor-intensive and time-consuming aspect of agriculture.
 By automating the irrigation process and enabling remote monitoring and control, our
smart irrigation systems allow farmers to focus on other important tasks while
maximizing agricultural yields
 1.1 Objective of the project
1.1. General Objective
 To develop and implement a smart irrigation system utilizing Arduino technology for
wheat production, aimed at optimizing water usage, enhancing crop yield, and reducing
manual labor in agricultural practices.

1.3.specific objective
 To design and implement reliable soil moisture sensing mechanism using Arduino
. uno platform and moisture sensor to accurately measure soil moisture level in wheat
field.
 To establish a threshold-based irrigation system that autonomously activates
irrigation when soil moisture levels fall below the minimum threshold required for optimal
wheat growth and deactivates irrigation when moisture levels exceed the maximum
threshold to prevent overwatering.
 To check the presence of the water in the water container and the soil moisture
level the environment before irrigating the field.
 To provide training and capacity-building workshops for farmers on the operation,
maintenance, and troubleshooting of the smart irrigation system, ensuring successful
adoption and sustainable use of the technology in Ethiopian agricultural practices.
 1.4. Significance of the project

 Enhanced Agricultural Productivity: By automating the irrigation process and

ensuring optimal soil moisture levels for wheat cultivation,
 the smart irrigation system can significantly improve agricultural productivity and
yield outcomes.
 Water Conservation: Efficient water management is essential, particularly in
regions facing water scarcity.

 Labor Savings: Traditional manual irrigation methods are labor-intensive and

time-consuming, often diverting farmers' attention from other essential farm tasks .

 Technology Adoption: The project promotes the adoption of modern

technology in agriculture,

 Economic Empowerment: By optimizing wheat production and increasing crop

yields, the project contributes to the economic empowerment of farming communities
in Ethiopia.
 1.3. Scope of the project

 Technical Scope: The project will involve the design, development, and
implementation of a smart irrigation system utilizing Arduino-based technology

 Functional Scope: The smart irrigation system will autonomously monitor soil
moisture levels in wheat fields and activate irrigation when moisture levels fall below the
minimum threshold required for optimal crop growth.

 Training and Capacity Building: The project will include capacity-building activities
such as training workshops and technical support for farmers to ensure successful
adoption and sustainable use of the smart irrigation system.
1.6. Limitation of the project

1. Initial Cost: The upfront investment for a smart irrigation system can be high due to the
cost of sensors, controllers, and installation.
2. Complexity: Setting up and maintaining a smart irrigation system can be complex. Users
may require technical knowledge to install, configure, and troubleshoot the system
effectively.
3. Dependence on Technology: Smart irrigation systems rely on technology, including sensors
and software
3. Maintenance Requirements: Regular maintenance is necessary to ensure that sensors
and other components function properly.

4.Environmental Factors: External factors such as heavy rainfall or unexpected weather

changes can affect the performance of a smart irrigation system, potentially leading to
inefficiencies.
3. litrature review

2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

 The main reason is the lack of rains & scarcity of land reservoir water.
 The continuous extraction of water from earth is reducing the water level due to
which lot of land is coming slowly in the zones of un-irrigated land. Another very
important reason of this is due to unplanned use of water due to which a significant
amount of water goes to waste.
 The existing system of manual irrigation is very inefficient in regard to solving these
issues.
 In modern drip irrigation systems, the most significant advantage is that water is
supplied near the root zone of the plants drip by drip due to which a large quantity of
water is saved.
 At the present era, the farmers have been using irrigation techniques in ethiopia
through manual control in which farmers irrigate the land at the regular intervals.
2.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

 all the lands to be irrigated manually are automatically

irrigated by this system.
When compared to the previous system where farmers
need to frequently and constantly keep monitoring the field
for signs of dryness, this system will reduce the time
needed to be spent on monitoring the field.
 It greatly diminishes the need for manpower by a great
value.
 This system will be able to function even when the owner
is unavailable for a small period of time,
 hence ensuring proper irrigation even in the absence of
people. Also water will not be wasted during traversal.
3. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
 2.1. hardware Component used
 Arduino uno
 Soil moisture Sensor
 Water pumper
 Ultra sonic sensor
 LCD Display
 Virtual terminal
 Dc motor
 Potentiometer
 Electronic component(transistor,capacitor,inductor)

 2.3. System functionality

 Soil Moisture Sensing: accurately measure and monitor soil
moisture level in wheat fields.
 Irrigation Control: activate and deactivate irrigation based on
soil moisture level.
DESIGN OF CIRCUITE
 3. Methodology
.
 The methodology for the Automatic Irrigation for Plants project outlines the step-by-step
approach to designing, developing, and implementing the system.
 It utilizes various electronic components and sensors to create an efficient and reliable
irrigation solution.
 The project involves hardware assembly, software programming, and system integration to
achieve the desired objectives. Below are the stages of the methodology
1. System Design and Planning
 The project starts with designing the system architecture, which includes defining the role
of each component and their interconnections

2. Hardware Setup
The following materials are assembled to build the system:
Arduino Uno: Acts as the central microcontroller to process sensor inputs and control outputs.
Soil Moisture Sensor: Measures soil moisture levels and sends data to the Arduino.
Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04): Monitors the water level in the reservoir to ensure an adequate
supply .
3. Circuit Development
Circuits are designed to integrate all components, ensuring
proper connections between the Arduino, sensors, display, and
DC motors
 The potentiometers are used to adjust the sensitivity of the
sensors and calibrate the system. Transistors are utilized as
switches to control the motors, while resistors, capacitors, and
inductors stabilize the circuit.

4. Software Programming
The Arduino is programmed using the Arduino IDE. The code
includes:
Sensor Data Processing: Reads soil moisture and water level data
in real-time.
Decision-Making Algorithm: Determines when to activate the
5. Testing and Calibration
The system is tested in different scenarios to evaluate its accuracy and
reliability. Soil moisture levels are tested under varying conditions, and the
sensitivity of the sensors is adjusted using potentiometers. The ultrasonic
sensor is calibrated to detect water levels precisely. The motors are tested to
ensure smooth water delivery.
6. Deployment and Evaluation
The final system is deployed in a small-scale environment, such as a home
garden or potted plants. Performance metrics, such as water efficiency, system
response time, and ease of use, are analyzed. Based on the evaluation, any
necessary adjustments are made to improve the system.
 Result and discussion
If the tank reservoir is low detected by ultrasonic sensor and the motor and pump
stop irrigation
If the moister level of plants are low detected by soil moisture sensor motor and pump
start to irrigate the plant
 Conclusion

 This automatic irrigation system offers an intelligent solution for sustainable water
management in agriculture and gardening. By combining an Arduino microcontroller
with essential sensors, actuators, and user interfaces,
 the system achieves precision, adaptability, and user-friendliness.
Its ability to conserve water, improve plant health, and reduce labor costs makes it a
valuable tool for both small-scale and large-scale applications.
 This project demonstrates how technology can address modern challenges in
agriculture, ensuring resource efficiency and environmental sustainability.
 RECOMMANDATION
As a student for the future we tries to user friendlies for technology
and remote control system like message by smart phone or by
electronic device

WACHEMO UNIVERSITY
As a large organization the wachemo university should supply all
arduino materials to teach student in full knowedleg.

GOVERNMETNS

The ethiopian governmet shoud intiates the ethiopian agriculture

sector to adopt smart irrigation system to develop and increase
production and save
Water resource through out the countries.