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The Nervous System

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24 views11 pages

The Nervous System

Uploaded by

liahagra0612
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THE NERVOUS

SYSTEM
GROUP 1 PRESENTATION (10 – PONCE)
TEACHER : MIRIANNE PONTECILLA CABRERA
RECAP TIME!!!
1. What is the longest wavelength in the spectrum?
• Radio Waves
2. What is the shortest wavelength in the spectrum?
• Gamma Rays
3. What type of wave is used in microwaves?
• Microwaves
4. What is the unit of frequency?
• Hertz
5. Which electromagnetic wave causes sunburn?
• Ultraviolet
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
WHAT IS NERVOUS SYSTEM?

- Nervous system connects all your body


parts and transmits signals from one
part to another. It is a system of cells,
tissues, and organs that regulates the
body’s responses to internal and
external stimuli. Each part of the
nervous system has a specific role as it
functions as an important part of a
system.
Major Divisions and Parts of the
Nervous System
1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
 The CNS serves as the main processing center for the entire nervous system. It
consists of two main components, namely the:
A. Brain
 This is an organ located within the skull that functions as organizer and
distributor of information for the body. It has three main parts:
• Cerebrum – large, upper part of the brain that controls activity and thought.
• Cerebellum – the part under the cerebrum that controls posture, balance, and
coordination.
• Brain Stem – the part that connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls
B. Spinal Cord
 This serves as a channel for signals between the brain and the rest of the body, and
controls simple musculoskeletal reflexes without input from the brain.
1. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
 The PNS connects the central nervous system to the organs and limbs. It has two main
divisions:
a. Somatic Nervous System
• This system is associated with the voluntary control of body movements and has two
main parts:
I. Spinal Nerves – the nerves that carry motor and sensory signals between the spinal
cord and the body.
II. Cranial Nerves – the nerve fibers that carry information into and out of the brain
stem.
b. Autonomic Nervous System
 This system is associated with the involuntary control of body movements and has two
THE NERVE CELL
- The basic unit of the nervous
system is the nerve cell. Nerve
cells are called neurons. There
are billions of neurons in the
body. Some exist alone. Others
are joined together to form
organs
There are twelve to fourteen billions of neurons like
in one the
part brain
of the and
brain spinal
alone. A
neuron has a cell body containing the nucleus. Projecting out from the cell body are
cord.
root-like structures. These are the dendrites and axons. Dendrites carry impulses
towards the cell body. A cell may have as many as 200 dendrites carrying impulses
toward the cell body. A single dendrite can be over one meter long. Axons carry
impulses away from the cell body. Axons pass impulses to the dendrites of other neurons
Control of Body Processes through the
Nervous System

THE NERVE IMPULSE


- Neurons are cells with the special ability to carry signals or impulses. Thoughts,

emotions, learning, and many body functions are carried by nerve impulses in the neurons.

A nerve impulse is a combination of an electrical charge and a chemical reaction. A nerve

impulse is not a flow of electricity, but an electrochemical signal moving along a neuron.

- A nerve impulse cannot jump from one neuron to another. When a nerve impulse comes

to the end of an axon, it produces the chemical, called neurotransmitter, to be released.

The chemical crosses the space between neurons called synapse and stimulates the nerve

impulse to start in the next dendrite.


- The nervous system is assisted by five
sense organs - the eyes, ears, nose,
tongue, and skin. These sense organs are
constantly receiving information from the
environment and sending messages to
the brain. These senses aid in the
survival of human beings. A stimulus
(plural: stimuli) is any factor in the
environment that may trigger a nerve
A response is a reaction to a stimulus. A stimulus is received by the body and a response
impulse.
is made. An organism must be able to respond to a stimulus in order to survive.

- Messages do not travel in both directions along the same neuron. Only the
axon of the neuron releases neurotransmitters that cross the space between
neurons. Reaction time is the length of time between application of a stimulus
KEY CONCEPTS:
Neurons have the special ability to carry signals or impulses. A nerve impulse is an
electrochemical signal moving along a neuron. The space between neurons is called
synapse. A stimulus is any factor in the environment that influences behavior. A
response is a reaction to a condition or stimulus. An organism must be able to
respond to a stimulus in order to survive. Reaction time is the length of time between
application of a stimulus and detection of a response.

DYK?
Did you know that your brain works round the clock for as long as you live? Your
brain does not only control your thoughts, emotions, and movements but also
numerous things that you are less aware of such as your breathing, your heartbeat,
and even the stress that you feel.
How does your nervous system work?
 This system is like a network that relays messages back and forth from the brain to various parts
of the body. It transmits information through the spinal cord, which extends from the brain down
through the back and consists of fine nerves that branch out to every organ and body part. When
a message reaches the brain from any part of the body, the brain commands the body to respond.
You can think of your nervous system as a relay team where one runner passes the object to
another runner. Relatively, you have nerve cells handing its information to the next cell, which
passes the information to another cell. Finally, the information reaches into its destination and a
reaction takes place. For instance, if you hold a rose stem and accidentally prick your fingers, the
nerves in your skin release a message of pain to your brain. Your brain, in response to the signal,
commands the muscles in your hand to pull away. This split second relay inside your body
happens in a much shorter period than it took you to read about it.

 Neurons are specially intended for information processing and signaling. They relay and receive
messages (impulse) between the brain and body, and within the brain and spinal cord. Motor
neurons transmit impulses from the brain to muscles, glands, or other neurons in the Peripheral
THAT IS THE END OF
OUR PRESENTATION

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