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Chemical Reactions

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139 views24 pages

Chemical Reactions

Uploaded by

erock197593
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Year 8

Science
Chemical
Reactions
What is a chemical
reaction?

• “A process that involves


rearrangement of the
molecular or ionic structure
of a substance, as distinct
from a change in physical
form or a nuclear reaction.”

• When two or more


substances react to
Physical
Propertities

• Physical properties are


those that you can either
observe using your five
senses — seeing, hearing,
touching, smelling and
tasting — or measure
directly.

• Examples include colour,


size, shape, texture,
temperature, malleability
and ductility, but there are
many, many more.
Chemical
Properties
• Chemical properties are
those that describe how a
substance combines with
other substances to form
new chemicals or how a
substance breaks up into
two or more different
substances.

• Examples of chemical
properties
include flammability, reac
tivity and toxicity.
• Chemical change is when one or
Chemical
more new substances are created (eg
Change or water and carbon dioxide turning into
glucose)
Physical
• Physical change produces no new
Change substances but we changed ‘states’ (eg
ice melting - solid to liquid)
Physical and Chemical Changes: Chemistry for
Kids - FreeSchool
Chemical Change has
occurred
• You can usually tell whether a chemical reaction has taken place by identifying
one or more of these clues:
• a precipitate (cloudiness caused by a solid substance) appears in a liquid or gas
• an odour is detected
• bubbles appear
• there is an increase or decrease in temperature
• light is emitted or a flame appears
• there is a change in colour.
Evidence of Physical or Chemical
Change
Describin • In a burning candle, there are both physical and
chemical changes. The melting of the solid wax to form
liquid wax and the evaporation of liquid wax to form
g wax vapour are physical changes.

• The burning of the wax vapour is a chemical change.

Changes The wax vapour reacts with oxygen in the air to form
new substances including carbon dioxide and ash.

• Physical and chemical changes can be described using


word equations.
Writing chemical reaction
• Word equations are a way of describing what happens when chemicals
react.
• For example:
What triggers a chemical reaction? Kareem
Jarrah
Reactants and Products
• The substances that you begin with in a chemical reaction are called
the reactants; the substances that are produced are called
the products.
• Reactants are on the left side of the arrow (they react together)
• Products are on the right side of the arrow (they are produced)
Observations
• Before you start each of the following four investigations,
design a suitable table for recording your observations.

As you perform the experiments:

• Make a note of the appearance of each of the reactants you


start with.

• Carry out the experiment and observe carefully to detect


any changes that occur.

• Describe the changes that take place and products of the


reaction.
Rate of
reaction?

• The reaction rate is a


measure of how quickly a
chemical reaction occurs.

• Reactions can be fast, like


an explosion or slow like
rust.

• What are some factors that


can speed up or slow down
a chemical reaction?
Speeding up a chemical
reaction

• Heating a substance adds energy to its particles. They move more rapidly and collide more
frequently.

• Adding a catalyst is a chemical that can speed up a chemical reaction but is still present once the
reaction has finished. Catalysts are not reactants because they are not changed by the reaction.
(Kind of like really skilled factory workers they make the products faster – they are not reactants
and do not become part of the products)

• Increasing the surface area (Exposing more of the reactants surfaces together) – hint what cooks
faster in the oven – a whole potato or French fries?

• Adding more reactant adding more of the substances that create the product (eg adding more
milo to your milk will make it more chocolatey)
Slowing down a chemical
reaction

• Cooling a substance – that’s why


we keep food in the fridge, it keeps
it fresher for longer

• Removing some reactants – eg


adding less bath-soap to your bath
= less bubbles

• Decrease the surface area –


make the pieces of reactants thicker
and bigger
Combustion
• Combustion is a chemical reaction which occurs when a fuel and oxygen react together
and produce energy (usually in the form of heat & light)

• The most common example is:


Fuel + Oxygen  water + carbon dioxide + heat & light
Rust
• Corrosion is a chemical reaction that occurs when
substances in the air or water around a metal ‘eat
away’ the metal and cause it to deteriorate.

• Rusting is an example of corrosion.

• Rust is the flaky substance that forms when iron


corrodes.

• Iron reacts with water and oxygen in the air to form


iron oxide and other iron compounds that make up the
familiar red-brown substance known as rust.

• Rusting is a slow chemical reaction that can be


represented by the following word equation:
Speeding up rusting

• Some substances in the environment make rusting happen much


more quickly. Eg salt.

• Steel dinghies that are used in the ocean rust much faster than
those that are used only in fresh water. This is because the salt
in the sea water speeds up the reaction between oxygen in the
air and the iron in the steel.

• Rusting is much slower in dry environments like deserts, where


the rainfall is nearly zero and there is very little water vapour in
the air.
Bill Nye The Science Guy - S02E04 - Chemical
Reactions
Answers!

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