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Sentence Constructions 14-10

The document outlines various sentence constructions, including statements, questions, commands, and exclamations, emphasizing the importance of proper punctuation and capitalization. It explains compound constructions, complements, and the distinction between transitive and intransitive verbs, along with direct and indirect objects. Additionally, it covers how to form questions and provides examples of different sentence types and structures.

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PAULA MONZON
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12 views48 pages

Sentence Constructions 14-10

The document outlines various sentence constructions, including statements, questions, commands, and exclamations, emphasizing the importance of proper punctuation and capitalization. It explains compound constructions, complements, and the distinction between transitive and intransitive verbs, along with direct and indirect objects. Additionally, it covers how to form questions and provides examples of different sentence types and structures.

Uploaded by

PAULA MONZON
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sentence

constructions
A sentence can take any of
this forms:
astatement: The shops close at 8
pm every day.
a question: Could you tell me where
the post office is?
a command: Open your books on
page 3.
an exclamation: What a coincidence!
We use exclamations to express strong feeling.
Very important!

When we write a
sentence, we must begin
with a capital letter and
end with a full stop.
The shops close at 8 pm
every day.
Compound constructions
The word compound means “having two
or more parts”.

A subject may be compound:

 Basketball and football are challenging


baseball as the national sport.
 Boxers and German shepherds are
often used as Seeing-Eye dogs.
A predicate may be compound too :

 We pushed and fought our way


through the crowd.

The words and, or, and but are called


conjunctions (joining words).
When a verb phrase is compound, the
auxiliaries are often omitted in the
second (third, etc.) part of the compound:
 Thebus had arrived and departed
before dawn.
Verbs such as look, feel , become, be, seem,
appear, grow, taste, go, etc. are followed by
complements.
Complements are used to give more
information about the subject.

She seems
happy.
Subject Verb Complement
 He appears a perfectly normal person.

 The dog went crazy.

 She grew stronger every day.

 The soup tasted wonderful.

 This milk smells bad. It’s rotten.


A «complement» completes the sentence by telling
us about the subject.
A complement may be:
 an adjective: Charles is smart.
a noun: Charles is a lawyer.
 an adjective+noun: Charles is a renowned
lawyer.
a pronoun: This book is mine.
 anadverb of place or time: The meeting is here. The
meeting is at 2.30.
a prepositional phrase: The machine is out of
Complements which add more information about an object
are called object complements:

He makes me very angry.


(adding information about me)

They painted the house


white.
A simple sentence contains
a subject, a verb and an object.

The dog bit the man.

Subject Verb Object


He read the paper.
Subject Verb Object

Columbus discovered America.

Subject Verb Object


Verbs that are followed by objects are called «transitive verbs».

Transitive verbs:
We always have to use objects after some verbs: e.g.: beat, contain, need, etc.

There are two types of objects, direct objects and indirect objects.
A direct object refers to someone or something directly
affected by or involved in the action performed by the subject.

The doer of the Who/ what?


action

Subject
Subject Verb Direct
object
Our cat caught a mouse.
The direct object is a someone or something
that receives the action of the subject.
The direct object is someone or something that
receives the action of the subject.

Sheloves her friends.


Who does she love?

Ourcat caught a mouse.


What did our cat catch?
An indirect object is an object which is used to indicate who benefits from an action or gets something as a result.

‘The teacher gave Tom a book', ‘Tom' is the indirect object.


“a book” is the direct object.

Indirect objects need a direct object; otherwise, the idea


is incomplete.
The teacher gave him. ???
Indirect Objects usually come before
DIRECT OBJECTS.
It is the receiver of the Direct Object.
 We can also ask questions to identify
indirect objects.
 Richard gave Sandra a diamond ring.
 Towhom did Richard give a diamond
ring?
 Richard gave a diamond ring to Sandra.
DO IO
Pronoun
Pronoun
Some sentences are formed with
subjects and verbs only.

E.g. He laughed.
They disagreed.
I lied.
She is crying.
Verbs that can’t take an
object are called
Intransitive verbs
These are verbs that are used without an object.
However, they can be followed by prepositional or
adverbial phrases.
The boy disappeared. (To disappear)

I've been working hard all day. (To work)


Adverb Adverb
of manner of time

He always talks too loudly. (To talk)


Adverb Adverb
of degree of manner
They arrived late/at night.
Adverb
of time

She sings beautifully.


Adverb
of manner
Many intransitive verbs describe physical behaviour or
movement:

As the boys arrived, the girls departed.

The wind subsided, the sun came out and the water receded.

My shares have collapsed, so I'm going to have to


economise.

His whole body was aching and his medical condition was
deteriorating.

She wept bitterly on hearing the news.


It is a big venue..
We stood at the front.
The band were brilliant.
The music made me happy.
The singer had a great voice.
Dan called her a natural performe
I took some pictures with my pho
They look great.
Adverbs or
prepositional
phrases.

linking verbs are followed


It is by complements a big venue.
noun phrase Adverbial of
place
We stood Intransitive verb at the
front. linking verbs are followed
The band were
by complements brilliant.
adjective
Object complement gives
The music made me happy.
more information about the
object.
The singer had a great voice .
direct object

Dan called her a natural performer.


noun phrase
prepositional phrases
noun phrase
I took some pictures with my
phone. linking verbs (seem -
They look
appear) great.adjective
Imperative (Base form of the verb with no
subject)
What + noun phrase + subject
+ verb
Imperative (Base form of the verb with no
subject)
How + adjective + subject +
verb
What + noun phrase + subject
+ verb
How + adjective (+ subject +
verb)
How + adjective + subject +
verb
Imperative (Base form of the verb with no
subject)
one to Lucy
one for her

some for her


them for her

it to Zoe

them to anyone

one for me
mine to a friend
I’m cooking Ben some
sausages.
Have you sold Jamie your bike?
Could you pass this note to
Matt?
She’s saving those chocolates
for
TomKim.
offered and old lady his
seat.
I’ve found some information for
you.
Making questions
Will they bring
Do you live
Should I tell
Have you been
working
Did Jack come
Do we have

Did she send


Does he play tennis
Where did you make

How long have you


spent
How do you feel

What are you going


to do
Who are you going to work
with
Whose performances do you
admire
What

How

How

Which

often

Are
Noun phrases
Look (intransitive verb)
Who took the money?
What fell off?
What can you see?
Who is meeting you?
What is happening?
Who should we tell?
What did he buy?
Who helped him?
people came
money is missing
camera had he borrowed
bag costs £ 100
milk have you got
friend might join us
shirt would you like to buy
tickets can you get

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