1/7/2016

INDUSTRIAL TRANSMITTERS
PRESENTED TO:
ENGINEERING DEPT. SEPL.

PRESENTED BY:
MUHAMMAD FAIZAN SALEEM

Presentation # 3
CONTENTS

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 Sensor
 Transducer

 Transmitter

 Types of transmitter

 Applications of Transmitters

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SENSOR

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 A sensor is an object whose purpose is to
detect events or changes in its environment,
and then provide a corresponding output.
 Primary element.

 Examples: Human body, Hall effect sensor

etc.

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TRANSDUCER

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 A transducer is a device that receives a
signal and converts it in a different
form(Readable for devices). For example, I/P
transducers that convert a current signal to
pneumatic form.
 Also thermocouple represents a temperature

change as a voltage change.

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TRANSDUCER TYPES

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 Active Transducer(e.g. TC , Piezoelectric
accelerometer)
• Do not require any input power for operation.
 Passive Transducer(e.g. LDR,RTD)

• Require input power for operation

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RTD VS. THERMOCOUPLE

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ADV. & DISADV. OF RTD AND TC

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TRANSMITTERS

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 A set of equipment used to generate and
transmit electromagnetic waves carrying
messages or signals.
 A transmitter which we deals with usually converts the

sensor output to a signal level appropriate for input to a

controller, such as 4 to 20 mA.
 It is secondary element.

 Transmitters are generally designed to be direct acting.

 Mostly transmitters have an adjustable input

range.
 For example, input range of a platinum resistance
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element (the sensor) is 50 to 150 °C.
TRANSMITTER TYPES

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 Pressure Transmitter
 Temperature Transmitter

 Flow Transmitter

 Level Transmitter

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PRESSURE TRANSMITTER

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 A pressure transmitter is a device that
measures pressure in a liquid, fluid, or gas.
 It generates a signal as a function of

the pressure imposed.

 There are three kinds of pressure

transmitters.

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TYPES

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i. Absolute Pressure Transmitters
• Pressure measured relative to perfect vacuum.
ii. Differential Pressure Transmitters
• Pressures of two distinct positions are compared.
iii. Gauge Pressure Transmitters
• Subtype of differential pressure measurement
where we compare pressure at any point to the
current atmospheric pressure

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PRESSURE TRANSMITTER WIRE
CONFIGURATION

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 Two Wire Transmitter(loop powered
instruments)
 In two wire system, the only source of power to
transmitter is from the single loop.

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CONTINUE..

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 Three wire transmitter
 Some instruments require more power than
single loop. DC common wire is run from the
instrument to the transmitter.

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CONTINUE..

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 Four Wire Transmitter(self-powered
instruments)
 They require no connection to DC power supply.

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APPLICATIONS

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 Touch Screen Devices
 Automotive Industry

 Aviation

 Marine Industry

 Industrial Uses

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TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTER

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 A temperature transmitter is an electrical
instrument that interfaces a temperature
sensor (e.g. thermocouple, RTD, or
thermistor) to a measurement or control
device (e.g. PLC, DCS, PC etc.).
 It is used to convert a temperature sensor’s

low-level (ohm or mV) signal to a standard 4-

20mA current signal that can be readily
accepted by a monitoring and control
system, such as a DCS or PLC.

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WORKING PRINCIPLE

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 Two wire transmitter accepts input from a
thermocouple or three wire pt100 and
converts the output into 4-20mA current
signal.

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USES OF TEMPERATURE
TRANSMITTER

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 The signals generated by Resistance
Temperature Detector or Thermocouple are
categorized as low-level signal hence it has
more noise immunity.
 No need to provide special I/O card for

thermocouple/RTD. Just connect the

Transmitter to the Analog I/O card.
 Provided maintenance facilities such as

diagnostic feature in smart transmitter.

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FLOW TRANSMITTER

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 Flow transmitters are an integral tool for
measuring the flow of liquid, gas, or a
mixture of both.
 There are following types of flow

transmitters:
 Differential-pressureflow meter
 Electromagnetic flow meter (magmeter)
 Ultrasonic flow meter

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DIFFERENTIAL-PRESSURE FLOW
METER

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 It measures the differential-pressure drop
across a constriction in the flow’s path to get
the flow velocity.
 Measuring this differential pressure gives a

direct measure of the flow velocity from

which the volumetric flow can easily be
calculated.

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ELECTROMAGNETIC FLOW METER
(MAGMETER)

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 It is based on Faraday’s Law of
electromagnetism.

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ULTRASONIC FLOW METER

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 Doppler-shift meter(Can not measure
extremely clean liquids)
 Transit-time meter

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APPLICATIONS

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 Food and beverage industry.
 Oil and gas plants.

 Chemical/pharmaceutical factories

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LEVEL TRANSMITTERS

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 A Level Transmitter is simply an
instrument that provides continuous level
measurement.
 Level transmitters transmit a particular

output signal that is ideally compatible with a

corresponding sensor and meter/indicator in
a given application. Common outputs
include:
 Current loops
 Fieldbus protocols
 Frequency signals
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TYPES OF LEVEL TRANSMITTER

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 Capacitance
 Pressure

 Radar

 Ultrasonic

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CAPACITANCE LEVEL
TRANSMITTER

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 In this transmitter capacitance of capacitor is
changed w.r.t. level.

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PRESSURE LEVEL TRANSMITTER

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 Pressure sensor is placed at the bottom and
gives output with respect to the pressure
applied.

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RADAR LEVEL TRANSMITTER

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 Emits high frequency radar pulses from the
antenna and reflected from the product
surface.

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ULTRASONIC LEVEL
TRANSMITTER

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 Measures time between emission and
reflection of acoustic signals to determine
level.

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