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Relation and Function

The document explains the concepts of relations and functions, including definitions of ordered pairs, domain and range, and the vertical line test for determining functions. It also discusses the Cartesian coordinate plane and provides examples of how to represent relations and functions graphically and through equations. Additionally, it covers independent and dependent variables, function notation, and includes exercises for practice.

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sjl1996
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14 views17 pages

Relation and Function

The document explains the concepts of relations and functions, including definitions of ordered pairs, domain and range, and the vertical line test for determining functions. It also discusses the Cartesian coordinate plane and provides examples of how to represent relations and functions graphically and through equations. Additionally, it covers independent and dependent variables, function notation, and includes exercises for practice.

Uploaded by

sjl1996
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Relations and Functions

Definition
• Ordered Pair : is a pair of numbers in a special order.
Animal Average Lifetime Maximum Lifetime
(years) (years) (average lifetime, maximum lifetime)
Cat 12 28 (12, 28)
Cow 15 30 (15, 30)
Deer 8 20 (8, 20)
Dog 12 20
(12, 20)
Horse 20 50
(20, 50)
Graph Relation
• We can graph the ordered pairs above on a coordinate system.

Animal Average Lifetime Maximum


(years) Lifetime (years)

Cat 12 28
Cow 15 30
Deer 8 20
Dog 12 20
Horse 20 50

Cartesian coordinate plane


Cartesian coordinate plane
• The Cartesian coordinate plane is composed of the x-axis (horizontal) and the y-
axis (vertical), which meet at the origin (0, 0) and divide the plane into four
quadrants.
y

x
(0 , 0)
Relation
• A relation is a set of ordered pairs, such as the one for the longevity of animals.

Animal Average Lifetime Maximum { ( 8 , 20 ) , ( 12, 20 ) , ( 12 , 28 ) , ( 15 , 30 ) ,(20 , 50) }


(years) Lifetime (years)

Cat 12 28
Range(y): the set of
Cow 15 30 Domain(x): the set of all second coordinates
Deer 8 20 all first coordinates (y- coordinates) from
(x-coordinates) from the ordered pairs.
Dog 12 20 the ordered pairs. { 20 ,28 ,30 ,50 }
Horse 20 50 { 8 ,12 , 15 , 20 }
Function
• A function is a special type of relation in which each element of the domain is
paired with exactly one element of the range.
{ ( 8 , 20 ) , ( 12, 28 ) , ( 15 , 30 ) ,( 20 , 50) }
Domain(x) Range(y)
function
One-to-one function:
8 20
A function like the one
12 28 represented by the mapping
input output in which each element of the
15 30 range is paired with exactly
one element of the domain is
20 50 called a one-to-one function.

Mapping
Exercise
• State the domain and range for each relation. Determine whether each relation is a function.
Vertical line test
A relation in which the domain is a set of individual points is said to be discrete.

When the domain of a relation has an infinite number of elements and the relation can
be graphed with a line or smooth curve, the relation is continuous.
Vertical line test
Exercise Determine whether each relation is a function.

No No Yes
Equations of Functions and relations
• Relation and functions can also be represented by equations. The solutions of an
equation in x and y are the set of ordered pairs that make the equation true.

Example
Consider the equation . Since x
can be any real number, the
domain has an infinite number of
elements. To determine whether
an equation represents a function,
it is often simplest to look at the
graph of the relation.
Exercise
• Graph each equation and find the domain and range. Then determine whether the equation is a
function and state whether it is discrete or continuous.
a.

x y

-1 -1

0 1

1 3

2 5

Continuous and this is a function


Exercise
• Graph each equation and find the domain and range. Then determine whether the equation is a
function and state whether it is discrete or continuous.
b. x

x y
2 -2
-1 -1
-2 0
-1 1
2 2

Continuous and this is not a function


Independent and dependent variables
• Independent variable: When an equation represents a function, the variable,
usually x, whose values make up the domain is called the independent variable.
• Dependent variable: The other variable, usually y, is called the dependent
variable because its values depend on x.
Function notation
• The equation can be written as . the symbol replace the y and is read “ f of x”.
The f is just the name of the function. It is not a variable that is multiplied by x.

Example
Suppose we want to find the value in the range that corresponds to the element 4 in the domain
of the function.

This is written as and is read “f of 4”. The value is found by substituting 4 for each x in the
equation. Therefore,
Exercise
• Given , find each value.

b.
Do some exercises!
• Page 62: exercise 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 21
• Page 63: exercise 25, 28, 29, 33, 34, 37, 38, 40, 43-45
• Page 64: exercise 56, 57

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