QUARTER

3_WEEK 2
PRAYER We worship and praise
your Holy Name.
Let us pray. This moment, we will
continue to study and
acquire new knowledge.
May you bless us with
witty brain to think fast
and an inquiring mind to
be curious on whatever
knowledge we will learn
today. Amen!
 MELCS
Determine the number of protons,
neutrons and electrons in a
particular atom ( S8MT-llle-f-10)
Identify the process involved
shown in the picture

5
MELTING
6
FREEZIN
G 7
EVAPORATION
8
CONDENSATI
ON 9
SUBLIMATION
10
 Day 1
Determine atoms from
molecules.
Pretest
1. What are the building blocks of matter?

a. Atoms
b. Protons
c. Cells
d. neutron
2. Which of the models below
represent a molecule?
a. B
b. D
c. Both A & D
d. None of the
above
3. A molecule is made up of ____ or more
atoms.

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
4. Explain the difference
between an atom and a
molecules.
a. One molecule is made of one atom
b. One molecule is always made of different
particles
c. One molecule is made up of one atom
d. One molecule is made up of two or more
atoms
5. ______ is an element since it
is only made up of one type of
atom.a. Water
b. Air
c. Gold
d. Salt
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PdMoBPj5I8U
&list=RDCMUC_ltCdLVMRZ7r3IPzF2Toyg&index=2
Difference between atoms and
molecules
What is an atom?
An atom is the smallest unit or basic unit of a
matter. It can not be divided further into
something more simple. Atoms are also different
from one another due to number of protons.
For example, Hydrogen atom is different from
oxygen atom.
ATOMS
Basic building blocks of matter that make up everyday
objects.
Is the smallest component of an element having the
chemical properties of the element.
There are over 100 different kinds of atoms.

The particles smaller than atom are called

subatomic particles.
What is a molecule?
When two or more than two atoms
combine together chemically in fixed
ratio by mass, they form a molecule.
For example, when two oxygen atoms
combine together, they form a molecule
of oxygen gas.
MOLECULES
Simplest structural unit of a compound or an element.
It is the smallest particle of an element or compound which exist
independently and shows all the properties of that substance

Molecules is a group of two or more elements that are held

together by attractive forces.
Atoms of the same element or different elements can join
together to form molecules.
molecules
Lets try this!
Identify if the picture is an atom or
molecule.
1 ATOM
.

MOLECULE
2.

ATOM

MOLECULE
3.

ATOM

MOLECULE
3.

ATOM

MOLECULE
4.

ATOM

MOLECULE
5.

ATOM

MOLECULE
 Day 2 - 3
Discuss the historical
background of the atom and its
subatomic particles and explain
its relevance in the development
of the atomic model.
Identify the following if it’s atom, molecule,
element or a compound

ATOM
MOLECULE
ELEMENT
COMPOUND
Identify the following if it’s atom, molecule,
element or a compound

ATOM
MOLECULE
ELEMENT
COMPOUND
Identify the following if it’s atom, molecule,
element or a compound

ATOM
MOLECULE
ELEMENT
COMPOUND
DEMOCRITUS 470-380 B.C.
Greek philosopher

He proposed that matter could

NOT be divided into smaller
pieces
( uncuttable)
Named the smallest piece of
matter “atomos”, meaning “not
to be cut”
Democritus
Ancient Greek came to
believe all matter
consisted of differing
amounts of only 4 basic
substances: earth, fire,
water and ether
His the first to use the
word ATOMOS

43
John dalton 1807 - Father of
Atomic TheoryEnglish meteorologist,
teacher and chemist who
postulated the atomic
theory
Pioneer in Modern
Chemistry
Introduce the word “Atom” as
the most fundamental
particle of a chemical
substance
John dalton 1807 – 4 main
concepts 1. All matter is composed of
tiny, indivisible particle
called ATOMS
2. Atoms of each element are
alike and have the same
mass
3. An atom of one element
cannot be changed into an atom
of a different element.
4. Atoms of different elements
can join to form compounds.
Dalton’s model of atom -
Billiard Ball
Solid, indivisible
Sphere of matter
JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON 1898
Particles smaller than
atom exists
Discovered the electron,
which is negatively charged
Proposed a model where
electrons were stuck into a
positively charged sphere
J.J. THOMSON

Used the Cathode ray

tube to discover
electrons
THOMSON’S “PLUM PUDDING”
ATOM MODEL
ERNEST RUTHERFORD -1911
Postulated the nuclear
structure of the atom.

Discovered alpha and beta

rays, and proposed the laws
of radioactive decay.
He received the Nobel Prize
in Chemistry in 1908
ERNEST RUTHERFORD -1911
Performed the Gold Foil experiment

In his experiment a radioactive beam emitted (+)

alpha particles toward gold foil.

Most particles went through,some were

deflected, and others bounced back
This showed that atoms have a very dense (+)
center.
Ernest Rutherford
Showed that atoms have (+) particles in the
center and are mostly empty space.

He called the center of the atoms the

Nucleus.
All the mass of an atom and its positive charge
are located in the nucleus.
Rutherford’s gold foil
experiment
Rutherford - Planetary model
The nucleus of the
atom is extremely
small and is
positively charged.
The rest of the atom
is mostly empty
space and it contain
electrons.
NEILS BOHR (1885-1962)
Electrons at found at
distinct distances from
the nucleus
- Wave model
- Cloud model
- Quantum
mechanics
BOHR’S ATOMIC MODEL

Electrons can only

occupy certain energy
levels around a
positive nucleus
JAMES CHADWICK 1932
English physicist; discovered
neutron
He worked with Rutherford
and discovered particles with
no charge.

He called those particles

neutrons
JAMES CHADWICK 1932
Neutrons are found in the nucleus of an
atom
Neutrons have a mass nearly equal to the
mass of a proton

Unit of measurement for subatomic particle is

the atomic mass unit (amu)
ERWIN SCHRODINGER (1887-
1961) -Schrodinger worked with
Louis de Broglie
- claimed electrons could
be particles or waves
- developed quantum
mechanical model of the
atom- uses math to explain
atoms, specifically location
of electrons
Chadwick atomic model

Discovered the
Neutron and
measured its
mass
Let’s try this
YEAR DISCOVERER DISCOVERY

380-470 B.C. DEMOCRITUS ATOMOS

1807 DALTON ATOM

1898 J.J. THOMSON ELECTRON

1911 E. RUTHERFORD NUCLEUS /

PROTON
1932 JAMES CHADWICK NEUTRON
Post test
1. What is a particle with negative charge
called?
a. Electron
b. Proton
c. Quark
d. neutron
2. What is a particle with
positive charge called?
a. Proton
b. Electron
c. Neutron
d. Quark
3. The smallest particle of an
element that represents
element.
a. Nucleus
b. Electron
c. Proton
d. atom
4. Subatomic particles found
inside the nucleus of an atom

a. Electron and proton

b. Proton and neutron
c. Neutron and electron
d. electron , proton and
neutron
5. What is the center of an
atom?
a. Nucleus
b. Electron cloud
c. Proton
d. Neutron
QUARTER
3_WEEK 5
 Day 4
Describe the atom and its
subatomic particles.
WHO IS HE?
DEMOCRITUS

ATOMOS
WHO IS HE?
JOHN DALTON

ATOM
WHO IS HE?
JOSEPH JOHN
THOMSON
ELECTRON
WHO IS HE?
ERNEST RUTHERFORD

NUCLEUS /
PROTON
WHO IS HE?

JAMES CHADWICK

NEUTRON
ATOM
Guide questions:
1. What is an atom?
2. What are the different types of
subatomic particles in an atom?
3. Describe the different types of subatomic
particles in an atom.
https://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=cpBb2bgFO6I
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM
What is an atom?
An atom is the smallest unit or basic unit of a
matter. It can not be divided further into
something more simple. Atoms are also different
from one another due to number of protons.
For example, Hydrogen atom is different from
oxygen atom.
ATOMS
Basic building blocks of matter that make up everyday
objects.
Is the smallest component of an element having the
chemical properties of the element.
There are over 100 different kinds of atoms.

The particles smaller than atom are called

subatomic particles.
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

1. Electrons
2. Protons
3. neutrons
NUCLEUS OF THE ATOM
- Is the small, dense
region consisting of
protons and
neutrons at the
center of an atom.
- Discovered in
1911 by Ernest
Rutherford
ELECTRON
- Discovered by J.J. Thomson.
- Tiny , negatively charged particles
around the nucleus of an atom.
- Carries a single fundamental unit of
negatively charge of -1.602 x 10-19
coulomb and has a mass of 9.109 x 10-28
g.
- Cannot be split into anything smaller.
- -e charge
PROTONS
- Discovered by E. Rutherford
- Have a positive electrical charge
- A proton mass 1.672 x 10-24 is about
1,840x the mass of an electron.
- + 1 charge
NEUTRON
- Discovered by James Chadwick
- Slightly heavier than proton and 1,838x
heavy as electron.
- Electrically neutral particle that is part of
nucleus of an atom.
- Mass 1.674 x 10 -24
- n0
 Let’s do this
Particle Symbol Location Charge Mass

Outside
-e -1 9.109x10-28
Electron nucleus

Inside
Proton +p +1 1.672x10-
the
24
nucleus
Inside the
Neutron n0 nucleus 0 1.674x10-
24
POST TEST
1. The negatively charged particle of an
atom
a. electrons
b. Protons
c. Neutrons
d. nucleus
POST TEST
2. Which subatomic particles are located in
the nucleus of an atom?
a. Protons and electrons
b. Protons only
c. Neutrons only
d. Protons and neutrons
POST TEST
3. A neutron has a charge of
a. + 2
b. No charge
c. - 1
d. +1
POST TEST
4. The positively charged particle of an
atom
a. electrons
b. Protons
c. Neutrons
d. nucleus
POST TEST
5. Which statement correctly describes the
location and charge of electron in an atom?
a. Electrons are inside the nucleus and have no
charge.
b. Electrons are outside the nucleus and have no
charge.
c. Electrons are outside the nucleus and have a
negative charge.
d. Electrons are inside the nucleus and have
negative charge.